Android线程----线程的形态

一、AsyncTask

这个是异步任务，它的应用如下

下面通过代码演示一个典型的异步处理的实例--加载网络图片.网络操作作为一个不稳定的耗时操作,从4.0开始就被严禁放入主线程中.所以在显示一张网络图片时,我们需要在异步处理中下载图片,并在UI线程中设置图片.

package com.example.caobotao.learnasynctask;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.*;
import android.os.*;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

/**
 * Created by caobotao on 15/12/2.
 */
public class ImageActivity extends Activity {
    private ImageView imageView ;
    private ProgressBar progressBar ;
    private static String URL = "http://pic3.zhongsou.com/image/38063b6d7defc892894.jpg";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.image);
        imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
        progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
        //通过调用execute方法开始处理异步任务.相当于线程中的start方法.
        new MyAsyncTask().execute(URL);
    }

    class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,Bitmap> {

        //onPreExecute用于异步处理前的操作
        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            //此处将progressBar设置为可见.
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }

        //在doInBackground方法中进行异步任务的处理.
        @Override
        protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
            //获取传进来的参数
            String url = params[0];
            Bitmap bitmap = null;
            URLConnection connection ;
            InputStream is ;
            try {
                connection = new URL(url).openConnection();
                is = connection.getInputStream();
                //为了更清楚的看到加载图片的等待操作,将线程休眠3秒钟.
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
                //通过decodeStream方法解析输入流
                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(bis);
                is.close();
                bis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return bitmap;
        }

        //onPostExecute用于UI的更新.此方法的参数为doInBackground方法返回的值.
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {
            super.onPostExecute(bitmap);
            //隐藏progressBar
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            //更新imageView
            imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }
    }
}

 

 

二、HandlerThread

本质：

• HandlerThread本质上是一个线程类，它继承了Thread；
• HandlerThread有自己的内部Looper对象，可以进行looper循环；
• 通过获取HandlerThread的looper对象传递给Handler对象，可以在handleMessage方法中执行异步任务。
• 创建HandlerThread后必须先调用HandlerThread.start()方法，Thread会先调用run方法，创建Looper对象

使用步骤

了解完上面HandlerThread的一些特点后，我们先来看看HandlerThread使用步骤。 
1.创建实例对象

    1.  HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("downloadImage");

 

传入参数的作用主要是标记当前线程的名字，可以任意字符串。 
2.启动HandlerThread线程

    1.  //必须先开启线程
    2.  handlerThread.start();

 

  到此，我们创建完HandlerThread并启动了线程。那么我们怎么将一个耗时的异步任务投放到HandlerThread线程中去执行呢？接下来看下面步骤： 
3.构建循环消息处理机制

  /**
     * 该callback运行于子线程
     */
    class ChildCallback implements Handler.Callback {
        @Override
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
            //在子线程中进行相应的网络请求

            //通知主线程去更新UI
            mUIHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
            return false;
        }
    }

 

4.构建异步handler

//子线程Handler
Handler childHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper(),new ChildCallback());

 

  第3步和第4步是构建一个可以用于异步操作的handler，并将前面创建的HandlerThread的Looper对象以及Callback接口类作为参数传递给当前的handler，这样当前的异步handler就拥有了HandlerThread的Looper对象，由于HandlerThread本身是异步线程，因此Looper也与异步线程绑定，从而handlerMessage方法也就可以异步处理耗时任务了，这样我们的Looper+Handler+MessageQueue+Thread异步循环机制构建完成，来看看一个完整的使用案例。

示例：

public class HandlerThreadActivity extends Activity {
    /**
     * 图片地址集合
     */
    private String url[]={
            "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083245762",
            "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083252184",
            "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
            "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
            "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083311972",
            "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083319668",
            "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083326871"
    };
    private ImageView imageView;
    private Handler mUIHandler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            LogUtils.e("次数:"+msg.what);
            ImageModel model = (ImageModel) msg.obj;
            imageView.setImageBitmap(model.bitmap);
        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_handler_thread);
        imageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
        //创建异步HandlerThread
        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("downloadImage");
        //必须先开启线程
        handlerThread.start();
        //子线程Handler
        Handler childHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper(),new ChildCallback());
        for(int i=0;i<7;i++){
            //每个1秒去更新图片
            childHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(i,1000*i);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 该callback运行于子线程
     */
    class ChildCallback implements Handler.Callback {
        @Override
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
            //在子线程中进行网络请求
            Bitmap bitmap=downloadUrlBitmap(url[msg.what]);
            ImageModel imageModel=new ImageModel();
            imageModel.bitmap=bitmap;
            imageModel.url=url[msg.what];
            Message msg1 = new Message();
            msg1.what = msg.what;
            msg1.obj =imageModel;
            //通知主线程去更新UI
            mUIHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
            return false;
        }
    }
    private Bitmap downloadUrlBitmap(String urlString) {
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
        BufferedInputStream in = null;
        Bitmap bitmap=null;
        try {
            final URL url = new URL(urlString);
            urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream(), 8 * 1024);
            bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (urlConnection != null) {
                urlConnection.disconnect();
            }
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (final IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return bitmap;
    }
}