Codeforces237 E. Build String 最小费用最大流

传送门： https://codeforces.com/contest/237/problem/E

题意

$给一个模式串S和n个字符串，问能不能在这n个字符串中选取字符从而组成一个S。$
$在t_i中取一个字符的费用为i，每个字符串最大取字符个数为a_i。$

$若能组成，则输出最小费用，否则输出-1.$

思路

$看到这个费用，在转化成网络流模型，这题就A了。$

设点：
$设每个字符为1-26，n个串的为26+i(iϵn)。源点为0，汇点为n+26+1。$

建边：

• $源点连接每个字符add(s,i,num[i],0)，字符i的个数。$
• $每个字符连接n个字符串add(i,j+26,mp[j][i],0)，第j个字符串中字符i的个数。$
• $n个字符串连接汇点，add(i+26,t,a[i],j)，第j个字符串中最大可取字符个数a[i]，费用为j。$

$跑一遍MCMF，判断是否满流，即maxflow=n，输出mincost，否则输出-1。$

Code（62MS）

#include "bits/stdc++.h"

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;

#define endl "\n"
#define pb push_back
#define mem(a, b) memset(a , b , sizeof(a))
#define FOR(i, x, n) for(int i = x;i <= n; i++)

const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
// const ll mod = 998244353;
// const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;
const double eps = 1e-6;
const double PI = acos(-1);
const double R = 0.57721566490153286060651209;

const int maxn = 1005;      //点数

struct Edge {
    int from, to, cap, flow, cost;

    Edge(int u, int v, int c, int f, int cc)
            : from(u), to(v), cap(c), flow(f), cost(cc) {}
};

struct MCMF {
    int n, m;
    vector<Edge> edges;
    vector<int> G[maxn];
    int inq[maxn];  //是否在队列中
    int d[maxn];    //bellmanford
    int p[maxn];    //上一条弧
    int a[maxn];    //可改进量
    void init(int n) {
        this->n = n;
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) G[i].clear();
        edges.clear();
    }

    void add(int from, int to, int cap, int cost) {
        edges.emplace_back(Edge(from, to, cap, 0, cost));
        edges.emplace_back(Edge(to, from, 0, 0, -cost));
        m = int(edges.size());
        G[from].emplace_back(m - 2);
        G[to].emplace_back(m - 1);
    }

    bool spfa(int s, int t, int &flow, int &cost) {
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) d[i] = INF;
        memset(inq, 0, sizeof(inq));
        d[s] = 0;
        inq[s] = 1;
        p[s] = 0;
        queue<int> q;
        a[s] = INF;
        q.push(s);
        while (!q.empty()) {
            int u = q.front();
            q.pop();
            inq[u] = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < int(G[u].size()); ++i) {
                Edge &e = edges[G[u][i]];
                if (e.cap > e.flow && d[e.to] > d[u] + e.cost) {
                    d[e.to] = d[u] + e.cost;
                    p[e.to] = G[u][i];
                    a[e.to] = min(a[u], e.cap - e.flow);
                    if (!inq[e.to]) {
                        q.push(e.to);
                        inq[e.to] = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (d[t] == INF) return false;
        flow += a[t];
        cost += d[t] * a[t];
        for (int u = t; u != s; u = edges[p[u]].from) {
            edges[p[u]].flow += a[t];
            edges[p[u] ^ 1].flow -= a[t];
        }
        return true;
    }

    int MincostMaxflow(int s, int t, int &cost) {
        int flow = 0;
        cost = 0;
        while (spfa(s, t, flow, cost));
        return flow;
    }
} mcmf;

int n, m, mincost;

void solve() {
    string S; cin >> S;
    cin >> n;
    map<int, int> num, mp[n + 1];
    vector<int> a(n + 1);
    for(int i = 0;i < S.length(); i++) {
        num[S[i] - 'a' + 1]++;
    }
    for(int i = 1;i <= n; i++) {
        string T;
        cin >> T >> a[i];
        for(int j = 0;j < T.length(); j++) {
            mp[i][T[j] - 'a' + 1]++;
        }
    }
    int s = 0, t = n + 26 + 1;
    mcmf.init(t);
    for(int i = 1;i <= 26; i++) {
        if(!num[i]) continue;
        mcmf.add(s, i, num[i], 0); // 源点连接每个字符，流量为S串每个字符点个数
        for(int j = 1;j <= n; j++) {
            if(!mp[j][i]) continue;
            mcmf.add(i, j + 26, mp[j][i], j); // 每个字符连接n个字符串，流量为该字符串中i的个数，费用为行标j
        }
    }
    for(int i = 1;i <= n; i++) {
        mcmf.add(i + 26, t, a[i], 0); // 每个字符串连接汇点，流量为a[i]，即最大使用次数
    }
    int maxflow = mcmf.MincostMaxflow(s, t, mincost);
    if(maxflow == S.length()) cout << mincost << endl;
    else cout << -1 << endl;
}

signed main() {
    solve();
}