ThreadPoolExecutor 自定义拒绝策略

线程池执行流程图：

ThreadPoolExecutor机制
一、概述
1、ThreadPoolExecutor作为java.util.concurrent包对外提供基础实现，以内部线程池的形式对外提供管理任务执行，线程调度，线程池管理等等服务；
2、Executors方法提供的线程服务，都是通过参数设置来实现不同的线程池机制。
3、先来了解其线程池管理的机制，有助于正确使用，避免错误使用导致严重故障。同时可以根据自己的需求实现自己的线程池

二、核心构造方法讲解
下面是ThreadPoolExecutor最核心的构造方法
Java代码 收藏代码
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}

构造方法参数讲解
参数名 作用
corePoolSize 核心线程池大小
maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小
keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间；可以allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)使得核心线程有效时间
TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位
workQueue 阻塞任务队列
threadFactory 新建线程工厂
RejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时，任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理

重点讲解：
其中比较容易让人误解的是：corePoolSize，maximumPoolSize，workQueue之间关系。

1.当线程池小于corePoolSize时，新提交任务将创建一个新线程执行任务，即使此时线程池中存在空闲线程。
2.当线程池达到corePoolSize时，新提交任务将被放入workQueue中，等待线程池中任务调度执行
3.当workQueue已满，且maximumPoolSize>corePoolSize时，新提交任务会创建新线程执行任务
4.当提交任务数超过maximumPoolSize时，新提交任务由RejectedExecutionHandler处理
5.当线程池中超过corePoolSize线程，空闲时间达到keepAliveTime时，关闭空闲线程
6.当设置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)时，线程池中corePoolSize线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime也将关闭

线程管理机制图示：

三、Executors提供的线程池配置方案

1、构造一个固定线程数目的线程池，配置的corePoolSize与maximumPoolSize大小相同，同时使用了一个无界LinkedBlockingQueue存放阻塞任务，因此多余的任务将存在再阻塞队列，不会由RejectedExecutionHandler处理

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {  
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,  
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,  
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());  
    }  

2、构造一个缓冲功能的线程池，配置corePoolSize=0，maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，keepAliveTime=60s,以及一个无容量的阻塞队列 SynchronousQueue，因此任务提交之后，将会创建新的线程执行；线程空闲超过60s将会销毁

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {  
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,  
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,  
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());  
    }  

3、构造一个只支持一个线程的线程池，配置corePoolSize=maximumPoolSize=1，无界阻塞队列LinkedBlockingQueue；保证任务由一个线程串行执行

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {  
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService  
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,  
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,  
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));  
    }  

4、构造有定时功能的线程池，配置corePoolSize，无界延迟阻塞队列DelayedWorkQueue；有意思的是：maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，由于DelayedWorkQueue是无界队列，所以这个值是没有意义的

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {  
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);  
    }  
  
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(  
            int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {  
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);  
    }  
  
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,  
                             ThreadFactory threadFactory) {  
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS,  
              new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory);  
    }  

四、定制属于自己的非阻塞线程池

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;  
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;  
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;  
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;  
  
  
public class CustomThreadPoolExecutor {  
    private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null;  
    
    /** 
     * 线程池初始化方法 
     *  
     * corePoolSize 核心线程池大小----10 
     * maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小----30 
     * keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间----30+单位TimeUnit 
     * TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位----TimeUnit.MINUTES 
     * workQueue 阻塞队列----new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10)====10容量的阻塞队列 
     * threadFactory 新建线程工厂----new CustomThreadFactory()====定制的线程工厂 
     * rejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时, 
     *                          即当提交第41个任务时(前面线程都没有执行完,此测试方法中用sleep(100)), 
     *                                任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理 
     */  
    public void init() {  
        pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(  
                10,  
                30,  
                30,  
                TimeUnit.MINUTES,  
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10),  
                new CustomThreadFactory(),  
                new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());  
    }  
 
    public void destory() {  
        if(pool != null) {  
            pool.shutdownNow();  
        }  
    }  
    
    public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() {  
        return this.pool;  
    }  
      
    private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {  
  
        private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);  
          
        @Override  
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {  
            Thread t = new Thread(r);  
            String threadName = CustomThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1);  
            System.out.println(threadName);  
            t.setName(threadName);  
            return t;  
        }  
    }  
      
    private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {  
  
        @Override  
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {  
            // 记录异常  
            // 报警处理等  
            System.out.println("error.............");  
        }  
    }  
      
    // 测试构造的线程池  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        CustomThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor();  
        // 1.初始化  
        exec.init();  
          
        ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor();  
        for(int i=1; i<100; i++) {  
            System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务!");  
            pool.execute(new Runnable() {  
                @Override  
                public void run() {  
                    try {  
                        Thread.sleep(3000);  
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                    System.out.println("running=====");  
                }  
            });  
        }  
          
        // 2.销毁----此处不能销毁,因为任务没有提交执行完,如果销毁线程池,任务也就无法执行了  
        // exec.destory();  
          
        try {  
            Thread.sleep(10000);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}  

方法中建立一个核心线程数为30个，缓冲队列有10个的线程池。每个线程任务，执行时会先睡眠3秒，保证提交10任务时，线程数目被占用完，再提交30任务时，阻塞队列被占用完，，这样提交第41个任务是，会交给CustomRejectedExecutionHandler 异常处理类来处理。

提交任务的代码如下：

public void execute(Runnable command) {  
        if (command == null)  
            throw new NullPointerException();  
        /* 
         * Proceed in 3 steps: 
         * 
         * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to 
         * start a new thread with the given command as its first 
         * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and 
         * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add 
         * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false. 
         * 
         * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need 
         * to double-check whether we should have added a thread 
         * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that 
         * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we 
         * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if 
         * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none. 
         * 
         * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new 
         * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated 
         * and so reject the task. 
         */  
        int c = ctl.get();  
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {  
            if (addWorker(command, true))  
                return;  
            c = ctl.get();  
        }  
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {  
            int recheck = ctl.get();  
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))  
                reject(command);  
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)  
                addWorker(null, false);  
        }  
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))  
            reject(command);  
    }  

注意：41以后提交的任务就不能正常处理了，因为，execute中提交到任务队列是用的offer方法，如上面代码，这个方法是非阻塞的，所以就会交给CustomRejectedExecutionHandler 来处理，所以对于大数据量的任务来说，这种线程池，如果不设置队列长度会OOM，设置队列长度，会有任务得不到处理，接下来我们构建一个阻塞的自定义线程池

五、定制属于自己的阻塞线程池

package com.tongbanjie.trade.test.commons;  
  
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;  
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;  
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;  
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;  
  
public class CustomThreadPoolExecutor {    
        
    private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null;    
        
    /**  
     * 线程池初始化方法  
     *   
     * corePoolSize 核心线程池大小----1  
     * maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小----3  
     * keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间----30+单位TimeUnit  
     * TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位----TimeUnit.MINUTES  
     * workQueue 阻塞队列----new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5)====5容量的阻塞队列  
     * threadFactory 新建线程工厂----new CustomThreadFactory()====定制的线程工厂  
     * rejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时,  
     *                          即当提交第41个任务时(前面线程都没有执行完,此测试方法中用sleep(100)),  
     *                                任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理  
     */    
    public void init() {    
        pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(    
                1,    
                3,    
                30,    
                TimeUnit.MINUTES,    
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5),    
                new CustomThreadFactory(),    
                new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());    
    }    
    
        
    public void destory() {    
        if(pool != null) {    
            pool.shutdownNow();    
        }    
    }    
        
    public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() {    
        return this.pool;    
    }    
        
    private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {    
    
        private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);    
            
        @Override    
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {    
            Thread t = new Thread(r);    
            String threadName = CustomThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1);    
            System.out.println(threadName);    
            t.setName(threadName);    
            return t;    
        }    
    }    
        
    private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {    
    
        @Override    
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {    
            try {  
                                // 核心改造点，由blockingqueue的offer改成put阻塞方法  
                executor.getQueue().put(r);  
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }    
    }    
        
    // 测试构造的线程池    
    public static void main(String[] args) {    
          
        CustomThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor();    
        // 1.初始化    
        exec.init();    
            
        ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor();    
        for(int i=1; i<100; i++) {    
            System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务!");    
            pool.execute(new Runnable() {    
                @Override    
                public void run() {    
                    try {    
                        System.out.println(">>>task is running=====");   
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);  
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {    
                        e.printStackTrace();    
                    }    
                }    
            });    
        }    
            
            
        // 2.销毁----此处不能销毁,因为任务没有提交执行完,如果销毁线程池,任务也就无法执行了    
        // exec.destory();    
            
        try {    
            Thread.sleep(10000);    
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {    
            e.printStackTrace();    
        }    
    }    
}    

解释：当提交任务被拒绝时，进入拒绝机制，我们实现拒绝方法，把任务重新用阻塞提交方法put提交，实现阻塞提交任务功能，防止队列过大，OOM，提交被拒绝方法在下面

public void execute(Runnable command) {  
        if (command == null)  
            throw new NullPointerException();  
  
        int c = ctl.get();  
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {  
            if (addWorker(command, true))  
                return;  
            c = ctl.get();  
        }  
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {  
            int recheck = ctl.get();  
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))  
                reject(command);  
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)  
                addWorker(null, false);  
        }  
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))  
            // 进入拒绝机制， 我们把runnable任务拿出来，重新用阻塞操作put，来实现提交阻塞功能  
            reject(command);  
    }  

总结：
1、用ThreadPoolExecutor自定义线程池，看线程是的用途，如果任务量不大，可以用无界队列，如果任务量非常大，要用有界队列，防止OOM
2、如果任务量很大，还要求每个任务都处理成功，要对提交的任务进行阻塞提交，重写拒绝机制，改为阻塞提交。保证不抛弃一个任务
3、最大线程数一般设为2N+1最好，N是CPU核数
4、核心线程数，看应用，如果是任务，一天跑一次，设置为0，合适，因为跑完就停掉了，如果是常用线程池，看任务量，是保留一个核心还是几个核心线程数
5、如果要获取任务执行结果，用CompletionService，但是注意，获取任务的结果的要重新开一个线程获取，如果在主线程获取，就要等任务都提交后才获取，就会阻塞大量任务结果，队列过大OOM，所以最好异步开个线程获取结果
来源： http://825635381.iteye.com/blog/2184680