策略模式

请看下面的例子：

一、请编写一个商城的收银系统，能应对商城不同的优惠变化

1.假设该商城有三种不同的优惠策略（没有折扣，打几折，满多少返现）

折扣策略抽象类：

public abstract class Sale {
		
	private double price;
	
	private int num;
	
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}

	public void setNum(int num) {
		this.num = num;
	}

	public abstract double getResult();
}

没有折扣子类：

public class SaleForNo extends Sale{
	
	public SaleForNo(double price,int num) {
		setNum(num);
		setPrice(price);
	}
	
	@Override
	public double getResult() {
		return getPrice()*getNum();
	}

}

打n折子类：

public class SaleForOff extends Sale{
	
	private double offNum;
	
	public double getOffNum() {
		return offNum;
	}

	public void setOffNum(double offNum) {
		this.offNum = offNum;
	}

	public SaleForOff(double price,int num,double offNum) {
		setNum(num);
		setPrice(price);
		this.offNum=offNum;
	}

	@Override
	public double getResult() {
		return getPrice()*getNum()*offNum;
	}

}

满多少返现：

public class SaleForReturn extends Sale{
	
	private double standard;
	
	private double returnMoney;

	public double getStandard() {
		return standard;
	}

	public void setStandard(double standard) {
		this.standard = standard;
	}

	public double getReturnMoney() {
		return returnMoney;
	}

	public void setReturnMoney(double returnMoney) {
		this.returnMoney = returnMoney;
	}

	public SaleForReturn(double price,int num,double standard,double returnMoney) {
		setNum(num);
		setPrice(price);
		this.returnMoney=returnMoney;
		this.standard=standard;
	}
	
	@Override
	public double getResult() {
		double oriResult=getNum()*getPrice();
		if(oriResult>=standard) {
			return oriResult-Math.floor(oriResult/standard)*returnMoney;
		}
		return oriResult;
	}

}

策略选择上下文类：

public class SaleContext {
	
	private Sale sale;

	public Sale getSale() {
		return sale;
	}

	public void setSale(Sale sale) {
		this.sale = sale;
	}
	
	public SaleContext(Sale sale) {
		this.sale=sale;
	}
	
	public double getFinallyResult() {
		return sale.getResult();
	}
}

测试类：

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
		String flag=scanner.nextLine();
		scanner.close();
		Sale sale;
		switch(flag) {
			case "原价":
				sale=new SaleForNo(100, 1);
				break;
			case "打7折":
				sale=new SaleForOff(100, 1, 0.7);
				break;
			case "满100返现50":
				sale=new SaleForReturn(100, 1, 100, 50);
				break;
			default:
				throw new RuntimeException("不支持的折扣方式");
		}
		SaleContext sc=new SaleContext(sale);
		System.out.println("折扣后："+sc.getFinallyResult());
	}
}

在这里可以注意到：简单工厂模式和策略模式非常的相似，不同的是简单工厂模式（创建型）针对的是对象的创建，而策略模式（行为型）针对的是对算法的替换、配置。（通俗的来说，策略模式客户端已经创建一个策略对象，然后关注拿着这个策略办的事；简单工厂模式需要自己根据客户端传入的标志创建对象，然后把对象返回 ）

2.将策略模式和简单工厂模式相结合

即在context类中融入简单工厂模式：

public class SaleContext {
	
	private Sale sale;

	public Sale getSale() {
		return sale;
	}

	public void setSale(Sale sale) {
		this.sale = sale;
	}
	
	public SaleContext(String flag) {
		switch(flag) {
			case "原价":
				sale=new SaleForNo(100, 1);
				break;
			case "打7折":
				sale=new SaleForOff(100, 1, 0.7);
				break;
			case "满100返现50":
				sale=new SaleForReturn(100, 1, 100, 50);
				break;
			default:
				throw new RuntimeException("不支持的折扣方式");
		}
	}
	
	public double getFinallyResult() {
		return sale.getResult();
	}
}

测试类：

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
		String flag=scanner.nextLine();
		scanner.close();
		SaleContext sc=new SaleContext(flag);
		System.out.println("折扣后："+sc.getFinallyResult());
	}
}

能明显地看出算法类已经和测试类完全的解耦！