概述
是指将变量的值一一列出来,变量的值只限于列举出来的值的范围内。举例:一周只有7天,一年只有12个月等。
回想单例设计模式:单例类是一个类只有一个实例
那么多例类就是一个类有多个实例,但不是无限个数的实例,而是有限个数的实例。这才能是枚举类。
自定义枚举类
第一版
package cn.itcast_01;
public class Direction {
// 创建几个实例
public static final Direction FRONT = new Direction();
public static final Direction BEHIND = new Direction();
public static final Direction LEFT = new Direction();
public static final Direction RIGHT = new Direction();
// 构造私有,别人就不能无限的创建了
private Direction() {
}
}
第二版
package cn.itcast_01;
public class Direction2 {
// 创建几个实例
public static final Direction2 FRONT = new Direction2("前");
public static final Direction2 BEHIND = new Direction2("后");
public static final Direction2 LEFT = new Direction2("左");
public static final Direction2 RIGHT = new Direction2("右");
// 构造私有,别人就不能无限的创建了
// private Direction2() {
// }
// 加入成员变量,并去掉无参构造
private String name;
private Direction2(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
第三版
package cn.itcast_01;
public abstract class Direction3 {
// 创建几个实例
public static final Direction3 FRONT = new Direction3("前") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("前");
}
};
public static final Direction3 BEHIND = new Direction3("后") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("后");
}
};
public static final Direction3 LEFT = new Direction3("左") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("左");
}
};
public static final Direction3 RIGHT = new Direction3("右") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("右");
}
};
// 构造私有,别人就不能无限的创建了
// private Direction2() {
// }
// 加入成员变量,并去掉无参构造
private String name;
private Direction3(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
// 加入抽象方法
public abstract void show();
}
测试类
package cn.itcast_01;
public class DirectionDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Direction d = Direction.FRONT;
System.out.println(d); // cn.itcast_01.Direction@175078b
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
Direction2 d2 = Direction2.FRONT;
System.out.println(d2);// cn.itcast_01.Direction2@11563ff
System.out.println(d2.getName());
d2 = Direction2.RIGHT;
System.out.println(d2);
System.out.println(d2.getName());
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
Direction3 d3 = Direction3.FRONT;
System.out.println(d3);
System.out.println(d3.getName());
d3.show();
d3 = Direction3.LEFT;
System.out.println(d3);
System.out.println(d3.getName());
d3.show();
}
}
JDK5枚举
第一版
package cn.itcast_02;
/*
* 通过JDK5提供的枚举来做枚举类
*/
public enum Direction {
FRONT, BEHIND, LEFT, RIGHT;
}
第二版
package cn.itcast_02;
/*
* 通过JDK5提供的枚举来做枚举类
*/
public enum Direction2 {
FRONT("前"), BEHIND("后"), LEFT("左"), RIGHT("右");
private String name;
private Direction2(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
// @Override
// public String toString() {
// return "我爱林青霞";
// }
}
第三版
package cn.itcast_02;
/*
* 通过JDK5提供的枚举来做枚举类
*/
public enum Direction3 {
FRONT("前") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("前");
}
},
BEHIND("后") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("后");
}
},
LEFT("左") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("左");
}
},
RIGHT("右") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("右");
}
};
private String name;
private Direction3(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public abstract void show();
}
注意事项
1. 定义枚举类要用关键字enum
2. 所有枚举类都是Enum的子类
3. 枚举类的第一行上必须是枚举项,最后一个枚举项后的分号是可以省略的,但是如果枚举类有其他的东西,这个分号就不能省略。建议不要省略
4. 枚举类可以有构造器,但必须是private的,它默认的也是private的。枚举项的用法比较特殊:枚举(“”);
5. 枚举类也可以有抽象方法,但是枚举项必须重写该方法
6. 枚举在switch语句中的使用
package cn.itcast_02;
public class DirectionDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Direction d = Direction.FRONT;
System.out.println(d); // FRONT
// public String toString()返回枚举常量的名称,它包含在声明中。
System.out.println("-------------");
Direction2 d2 = Direction2.FRONT;
System.out.println(d2);
System.out.println(d2.getName());
System.out.println("-------------");
Direction3 d3 = Direction3.FRONT;
System.out.println(d3);
System.out.println(d3.getName());
d3.show();
System.out.println("--------------");
Direction3 dd = Direction3.FRONT;
dd = Direction3.LEFT;
switch (dd) {
case FRONT:
System.out.println("你选择了前");
break;
case BEHIND:
System.out.println("你选择了后");
break;
case LEFT:
System.out.println("你选择了左");
break;
case RIGHT:
System.out.println("你选择了右");
break;
}
}
}
枚举中的几个方法
package cn.itcast_02;
public class EnumMethodDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// int compareTo(E o)
Direction2 d21 = Direction2.FRONT;
Direction2 d22 = Direction2.BEHIND;
Direction2 d23 = Direction2.LEFT;
Direction2 d24 = Direction2.RIGHT;
System.out.println(d21.compareTo(d21));
System.out.println(d21.compareTo(d24));
System.out.println(d24.compareTo(d21));
System.out.println("---------------");
// String name()
System.out.println(d21.name());
System.out.println(d22.name());
System.out.println(d23.name());
System.out.println(d24.name());
System.out.println("--------------");
// int ordinal()
System.out.println(d21.ordinal());
System.out.println(d22.ordinal());
System.out.println(d23.ordinal());
System.out.println(d24.ordinal());
System.out.println("--------------");
// String toString()
System.out.println(d21.toString());
System.out.println(d22.toString());
System.out.println(d23.toString());
System.out.println(d24.toString());
System.out.println("--------------");
// <T> T valueOf(Class<T> type,String name)
Direction2 d = Enum.valueOf(Direction2.class, "FRONT");
System.out.println(d.getName());
System.out.println("----------------");
// values()
// 此方法虽然在JDK文档中查找不到,但每个枚举类都具有该方法,它遍历枚举类的所有枚举值非常方便
Direction2[] dirs = Direction2.values();
for (Direction2 d2 : dirs) {
System.out.println(d2);
System.out.println(d2.getName());
}
}
}
/*
0
-3
3
---------------
FRONT
BEHIND
LEFT
RIGHT
--------------
0
1
2
3
--------------
FRONT
BEHIND
LEFT
RIGHT
--------------
前
----------------
FRONT
前
BEHIND
后
LEFT
左
RIGHT
右
*/