编写一个哺乳动物类，派生出狗类，二者都有speak成员，该函数在基类被声明为虚函数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Mammal
{
public:
	virtual void speak()
	{
		cout << "ohohoh~~~~" << endl;
	}
};

class Dog:public Mammal
{
public:
	void speak()
	{
		cout << "woof woof~~~" << endl;
	}
};
int main()
{
	Dog d;
	d.speak();
	return 0;
}
//输出：
//woof woof~~~

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Mammal
{
public:
	Mammal() { cout << "基类构造函数" << endl; }
	virtual ~Mammal() { cout << "基类析构函数" << endl; }
	virtual void speak()
	{
		cout << "ohohoh~~~~" << endl;
	}
};

class Dog:public Mammal
{
public:
	Dog() { cout << "派生类构造函数" << endl; }
	~Dog() { cout << "派生类析构函数" << endl; }
	void speak()
	{
		cout << "woof woof~~~" << endl;
	}
};
int main()
{
	Dog d;
	d.speak();
	cout << endl;
	cout << "基类指针指向派生类对象" << endl;
	Mammal* pDog = new Dog;
	pDog->speak();
	
	cout << endl;

	pDog->Mammal::speak();
	delete pDog;
	//无论指针指向的动态类型是什么，最终被调用的总是基类的speak函数
	return 0;
}
//输出：
//woof woof~~~