Linux最佳开发桌面 i3wm

1. 安装图形界面

Step 1: Install Gnome GUI using the YUM command.

CentOS 7

# yum group install -y "GNOME Desktop" "Graphical Administration Tools"

RHEL 7

# yum groupinstall -y "Server with GUI"

Step 2: Enable GUI on system startup. In CentOS 7, systemd uses “targets” instead of runlevel. The /etc/inittab file is no more used to change run levels. So, issue the following command to enable the GUI on system start.

# ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target

如果遇到错误:

file /boot/efi/EFI/centos from install of fwupdate-efi-12-6.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package grub2-efi-1:2.02-0.44.el7.centos.x86_64

执行:

sudo yum update -y grub2-efi

2. 安装 i3wm

sudo yum install -y epel-release
sudo yum install -y dejavu-sans-fonts dejavu-sans-mono-fonts dejavu-serif-fonts i3 i3status lilyterm
sudo yum install -y conky
sudo yum install -y i3lock

配置:

~/.config/i3/config:

# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
# It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
#
# Should you change your keyboard layout somewhen, delete
# this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
#

# i3 config file (v4)
#
# Please see http://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!

#set $mod Mod4
set $mod Mod1

# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below. ISO 10646 = Unicode
#font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1
#font -wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-119-iso10646-1
font xft:monaco 10
# The font above is very space-efficient, that is, it looks good, sharp and
# clear in small sizes. However, if you need a lot of unicode glyphs or
# right-to-left text rendering, you should instead use pango for rendering and
# chose a FreeType font, such as:
# font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 10

# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
#floating_modifier $mod

# 自定义
bindsym $mode+m exec emacs
# 无边框：$mod+u
# 普通模式：$mod+t
bindsym $mod+t border normal
bindsym $mod+u border none
# 自动把打开的程序放到指定工作区
assign [class="(?i)firefox"] → 1
assign [class="(?i)emacs"] → 2
assign [class="(?i)amule"] → 3

# 暂存器使用
# mod shift -  隐藏当前窗口
# mod -        现实第一个暂存的窗口 
#bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
#bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show

# start a terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal

# kill focused window
#bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill
bindsym $mod+q kill

# start dmenu (a program launcher)
bindsym $mod+d exec dmenu_run
# There also is the (new) i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications
# shipping a .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that
# installed.
# bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop

# change focus
bindsym $mod+h focus left
bindsym $mod+j focus down
bindsym $mod+k focus up
bindsym $mod+l focus right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Left focus left
bindsym $mod+Down focus down
bindsym $mod+Up focus up
bindsym $mod+Right focus right

# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+h move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right

# split in horizontal orientation
bindsym $mod+semicolon split h

# split in vertical orientation
bindsym $mod+v split v

# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen

# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split

# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle

# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle

# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent

# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child

# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace 1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace 2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace 3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace 4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace 5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace 6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace 7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace 8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace 9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace 10

# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace 1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace 2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace 3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace 4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace 5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace 6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace 7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace 8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace 9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace 10

# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -b 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"

# resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
mode "resize" {
        # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode

        # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
        # Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
        # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
        # Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
        bindsym h resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym j resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym k resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym l resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        # same bindings, but for the arrow keys
        bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        # back to normal: Enter or Escape
        bindsym Return mode "default"
        bindsym Escape mode "default"
}

bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"

# Startups #
exec --no-startup-id fcitx
exec --no-startup-id volumeicon

# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
bar {
    # dock 停靠, hide 隐藏, invisible
    mode hide
    # 隐藏状态是否显示 show|hide
    hidden_state hide
    # 按键显示
    modifier Mod1
    position bottom
#    position top
    status_command conky -c ~/.config/i3/.conkyrc
    colors {
        background #555555
        statusline #ffffff
        focused_workspace  #4c7899 #285577 #ffffff
        active_workspace   #333333 #5f676a #ffffff
        inactive_workspace #333333 #222222 #888888
        urgent_workspace   #2f343a #900000 #ffffff
    }

}

#bindsym $mod+minus move scratchpad
bindsym $mod+plus scratchpad show



#bindsym $mod+F3 exec amixer set Master 5%+
#bindsym $mod+F2 exec amixer set Master 5%-
bindsym $mod+F1 exec amixer -D pulse set Master 1+ toggle

~/.config/i3/.conkyrc:

#alignment top_left
background no
#border_width 1
cpu_avg_samples 1
#default_color white
#default_outline_color white
#default_shade_color white
#draw_borders no
#draw_graph_borders yes
#draw_outline no
#draw_shades no
#use_xft yes
#xftfont DejaVu Sans Mono:size=12
#minimum_size 5 5
#net_avg_samples 2
no_buffers yes
out_to_console yes
out_to_stderr no
out_to_x no
extra_newline no
own_window no
#own_window_class Conky
#own_window_type desktop
#stippled_borders 0
update_interval 1.0
uppercase no
use_spacer none
#show_graph_scale no
#show_graph_range no
total_run_times 0

TEXT
${if_up eno1}E ${upspeed eno1} ${downspeed eno1}|${endif}\
${if_up wlo1}W ${upspeed wlo1} ${downspeed wlo1}|${endif}\
D ${diskio_read /dev/sda}/${diskio_write /dev/sda}|\
L ${loadavg}|\
M ${mem}/${memmax} ${memperc}% ${swap}|\
B ${battery_percent}%|\
${time %H:%M:%S %d/%m}