本文详细解析了MQTT SUBSCRIBE的QoS等级响应规则，包括服务端如何处理订阅请求、QoS等级的匹配与降级。特别指出，服务端在某些情况下可以提供比订阅者请求的QoS更低的等级。同时，文章揭示了surgemq在处理QoS等级上的一个错误行为，即订阅者若订阅QoS0，则无法接收QoS1或QoS2的消息，而mosquitto则不存在此问题。最后，强调了订阅者实际得到的QoS等级可能低于其请求的QoS等级，且服务器可以根据业务需求选择是否降低QoS等级。
MQTT SUBSCRIBE 英文原版：
3.8 SUBSCRIBE - Subscribe to topics
3.8.4 Response
When the Server receives a SUBSCRIBE Packet from a Client, the Server MUST respond with a SUBACK Packet [MQTT-3.8.4-1]. The SUBACK Packet MUST have the same Packet Identifier as the SUBSCRIBE Packet that it is acknowledging [MQTT-3.8.4-2].
The Server is permitted to start sending PUBLISH packets matching the Subscription before the Server sends the SUBACK Packet.
If a Server receives a SUBSCRIBE Packet containing a Topic Filter that is identical to an existing Subscription’s Topic Filter then it MUST completely replace that existing Subscription with a new Subscription. The Topic Filter in the new Subscription will be identical to that in the previous Subscription, although its maximum QoS value could be different. Any existing retained messages matching the Topic Filter MUST be re-sent, but the flow of publications MUST NOT be interrupted [MQTT-3.8.4-3].
Where the Topic Filter is not identical to any existing Subscription’s filter, a new Subscription is created and all matching retained messages are sent.
If a Server receives a SUBSCRIBE packet that contains multiple Topic Filters it MUST handle that packet as if it had received a sequence of multiple SUBSCRIBE packets, except that it combines their responses into a single SUBACK response [MQTT-3.8.4-4].
The SUBACK Packet sen
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