linux device driver 3 简单的字符驱动

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ldd 第三章

鉴于书中附带代码是综合性的，虽然很简单，但是对于初学者来说还是有点复杂，

我把作者的例子进行了一些简化，更有利于看清最重要的东西。也有利于一步步的学习，循序渐进。

首先，了解一下涉及到数据结构。

 

 

我们简化一下 ldd中的设计，如下，

下面，我简要的介绍一下，例子中的函数的作用：

function

mydev_init_module :

申请设备号 register_chrdev_region or alloc_chrdev_region

分配，初始化设备，并添加设备

分配： 静态或者 cdev_alloc

初始化： cdev_init

添加： cdev_add

mydev_clearup_module :

释放分配的用于存放数据的内存

删除设备 cdev_del

释放“设备结构体”所占内存

释放申请的设备号

 

mydev_llseek:

修改文件的当前的读写位置 (f_pos值 )

mydev_open :

保存”设备“指针到文件结构体的 private_data域

mydev_release :

open 的逆操作

mydev_read :

将写入的数据按照一定规则读出

mydev_write

讲用户数据保存到某个位置（内存或者硬件设备）

下面是简化后的代码结构

macro

MYDEBUG

ELEMENT_SIZE

 

struct

dataelem

mydev

 

variable

mydev0

mydev_major

mydev_minor

element_size

mydev_ops

mydev_init_module

mydev_clearup_module

 

function

mydev_init_module

mydev_setup_cdev

mydev_clearup_module

mydev_free_mem

mydev_llseek

mydev_open

mydev_release

mydev_read

mydev_write

 

说明：本例子为了更突出重点，而很简陋，重复打开设备的结果是不可预料的

 

 

源码：

//mydev0.c #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/config.h> #include <linux/moduleparam.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> /* printk() */ #include <linux/slab.h> /* kmalloc() */ #include <linux/fs.h> /* everything... */ #include <linux/errno.h> /* error codes */ #include <linux/types.h> /* size_t */ #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/fcntl.h> /* O_ACCMODE */ #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <linux/cdev.h> #include <asm/system.h> /* cli(), *_flags */ #include <asm/uaccess.h> /* copy_*_user */ #define MYDEBUG 1 // For debug 1:print more information #define ELEMENT_SIZE 1024 //dataqueue struct data's size //Data queue element struct dataelem { void* data;//Pointer to the mem used to store your data struct dataelem *next; }; //My charactor device struct mydev { struct dataelem * data;//pointed to the first data element unsigned long size;//The total data number(byte) struct cdev cdev;//characor device }; ///global variables struct mydev* mydev0;//pointer to mydev int mydev_major = 0; // major device number int mydev_minor = 0; // minor number int element_size = ELEMENT_SIZE; // function declare struct dataelem* mydev_get_elem(loff_t *f_pos, struct file *filep); int mydev_init_module(void); ssize_t mydev_write (struct file* filep, const char __user * buf, size_t count,loff_t* f_pos); ssize_t mydev_read (struct file * filep, char __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t* f_pos); int mydev_release (struct inode* inode, struct file *filep); int mydev_open (struct inode *inode, struct file * filep); loff_t mydev_llseek (struct file* filep, loff_t off, int whence); void mydev_free_mem (struct mydev* mydev); void mydev_clearup_module (void); void mydev_setup_cdev (struct mydev* mydev); struct file_operations mydev_ops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .llseek = mydev_llseek, .read = mydev_read, .write = mydev_write, .open = mydev_open, .release = mydev_release, }; int mydev_init_module(void) { int result = 0; dev_t dev; result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0/*minor*/, 1/*dev nums*/,"mydev"); mydev_major = MAJOR(dev);//store the major and minor number of our device mydev_minor = MINOR(dev); if (result < 0) { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev: alloc major error!/n"); return result; } #ifdef MYDEBUG else { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev: major is %d/n", mydev_major); } #endif mydev0 = kmalloc (sizeof(struct mydev), GFP_KERNEL); if (!mydev0) { result = -ENOMEM; goto fail; } memset(mydev0, 0, sizeof(struct mydev)); /* Init our device */ mydev0->data = NULL; mydev0->size = 0; mydev_setup_cdev (mydev0);//init and add cdev return 0; fail: mydev_clearup_module (); #ifdef MYDEBUG { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev_init_module success./n"); } #endif return result; } /* Initialize the mydev.cdev item */ void mydev_setup_cdev (struct mydev* mydev) { int err, devno = MKDEV(mydev_major, mydev_minor); cdev_init(&mydev->cdev, &mydev_ops); mydev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; mydev->cdev.ops = &mydev_ops; err = cdev_add (&mydev->cdev, devno, 1); if (err < 0) { printk (KERN_NOTICE "mydev setup error! /n"); } #ifdef MYDEBUG { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev_setup_cdev success./n"); } #endif } /* free the device mem and free the device struct */ void mydev_clearup_module (void) { dev_t dev = MKDEV(mydev_major, mydev_minor); //free device mem if (mydev0) { mydev_free_mem (mydev0); cdev_del (&mydev0->cdev); } // unregister charactor number region unregister_chrdev_region(dev, 1); //free device struct kfree (mydev0); #ifdef MYDEBUG { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev_clearup_module success./n"); } #endif } /* Free the memery allocate for the device to store data */ void mydev_free_mem (struct mydev* mydev) { struct dataelem *p = mydev->data; if (p) kfree(p); mydev->data = NULL; #ifdef MYDEBUG { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev_free_mem success./n"); } #endif } loff_t mydev_llseek (struct file* filep, loff_t off, int whence) { struct mydev *dev = filep->private_data; loff_t newpos; switch(whence) { case 0:/* SEEK_SET */ newpos = off; break; case 1:/* SEEK_CUR */ newpos = filep->f_pos + off; break; case 2:/* SEEK_END */ newpos = dev->size + off; break; default: return -EINVAL; } if (newpos < 0) return -EINVAL; filep->f_pos = newpos; #ifdef MYDEBUG { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev_free_mem success./n"); } #endif return newpos; } int mydev_open (struct inode *inode, struct file * filep) { struct mydev *dev; dev = container_of (inode->i_cdev, struct mydev, cdev); filep->private_data = dev; /* If open was write-only, trim to 0 */ if ((filep->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY) { mydev_free_mem (dev); } #ifdef MYDEBUG printk(KERN_WARNING "function %s is called success /n",__func__); #endif return 0; } int mydev_release (struct inode* inode, struct file *filep) { #ifdef MYDEBUG printk(KERN_WARNING "function %s is called success /n",__func__); #endif return 0; } ssize_t mydev_read (struct file * filep, char __user * buf, size_t count,loff_t *f_pos) { struct mydev* dev = filep->private_data; int elem_offset = (long)*f_pos % element_size; //*f_pos = 0;//for test if (!dev->data || ((long)*f_pos > element_size)) return -EINVAL; // no data or //parament error if ((*f_pos + count) > dev->size) {// read only up to the end of dev->data[element_size] count = element_size - *f_pos; } //count = 3; //for test printk (KERN_WARNING "before read count is %d/nbefore read *f_pos is %ld/n", (int)count,(long)*f_pos); if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->data + elem_offset/*f_pos + elem_offset*/, count)) { printk (KERN_WARNING "read error./n"); return -EFAULT; } //updat the f_pos *f_pos += count; #ifdef MYDEBUG printk(KERN_WARNING "after read count is %d /nelem_offset is %d/n",(int) count, elem_offset); printk(KERN_WARNING "function %s is called success /n",__func__); #endif return count; } ssize_t mydev_write (struct file* filep, const char __user* buf, size_t count, loff_t* f_pos) { struct mydev* dev = filep->private_data; int elem_offset = (long)*f_pos % element_size;//here elem_offset is eaqul to f_pos if ((long)*f_pos > element_size) { printk (KERN_WARNING "mydev_wrtie parameter error! /n"); return -EINVAL; } if (dev->data == NULL) {//allocate fixed size memery at the first time dev->data = kmalloc (element_size, GFP_KERNEL); if (!dev->data) return -ENOMEM; memset (dev->data, 0, element_size);//clear the fresh memery } printk (KERN_WARNING "count before write is %d/n", (int)count); if (*f_pos + count > element_size) {//make sure data writing willn't overflow count = element_size - *f_pos; } /* store data to the memery allocated before */ if (copy_from_user(dev->data + elem_offset, buf, count)){ printk (KERN_WARNING "data write error!/n"); return -EFAULT; } //update the f_pos *f_pos += count; //update data size dev->size += *f_pos; #ifdef MYDEBUG printk(KERN_WARNING "function %s is called success /n",__func__); printk(KERN_WARNING "write count is %d", (int)count); #endif return count; } MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); module_init(mydev_init_module); module_exit(mydev_clearup_module);s // Makefile obj-m := mydev0.o default: make -C /lib/modules/${shell uname -r}/build M=${shell pwd} modules clean: rm -f modules.order Module.symvers mydev0.ko mydev0.mod.c mydev0.mod.o mydev0.o

 

操作过程：

 

# make //生成 mydev0.ko

# insmod mydev0.ko //插入生成的模块

# cat /proc/devices //查看分配的主设备号

...

250 mydev <-----我们的模块

251 hidraw

252 usbmon

...

# mknod /dev/mydev0 c 250 0 //创建设备结点

# echo “” > /var/log/messages //清空记录方便查看

# echo “ I love you Linux” > /dev/mydev0 //向设备中写入数据

#cat /dev/mydev0 //从设备中读出数据

#cat /var/log/messages //查看打印出来的调试信息