八皇后问题其实很有趣,借助这个问题可以很好检验对一门新的语言的理解程度。
使用生成器,在8皇后的时候,以下非独立解决代码的计算次数为46752次:
# !/usr/bin/python
# coding:utf-8
# __author__=watson
def conflict(state, nextx):
nexty = len(state)
for i in range(nexty):
if abs(state[i]-nextx) in (0, nexty-i):
return True
return False
def queens(num=1, state=()):
for pos in range(num):
if not conflict(state, pos):
if len(state) == num-1:
yield (pos,)
else:
for result in queens(num, state + (pos,)):
yield (pos,) + result
if __name__ == "__main__":
print list(queens(8))
使用记忆算法,在8皇后的时候,以下非独立解决代码的计算次数为15720次:
# !/usr/bin/python
# coding:utf-8
# __author__=watson
column = rup = lup = []
def conflict(line, col, num):
if column[col] == 0 and rup[line+col] == 0 and lup[line-col+num] == 0:
return False
return True
def queens(num=1, line=1):
for col in range(1, num + 1):
if not conflict(line, col, num):
if line == num:
yield (col,)
else:
column[col] = rup[line+col] = lup[line-col+num] = 1
for result in queens(num, line + 1):
yield (col,) + result
column[col] = rup[line+col] = lup[line-col+num] = 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
number = 8
column = [0] * (number + 1)
rup = [0] * (2*number + 1)
lup = [0] * (2*number + 1)
print list(queens(number))
使用记忆算法,不使用生成器:
# !/usr/bin/python
# coding:utf-8
# __author__=watson
number = 0
result = [0]
column = [0]
rup = [0]
lup = [0]
no = 0
def backtrack(line):
if line > number:
show_result()
else:
for col in range(1, number+1):
if column[col] == 0 and rup[line+col] == 0 and lup[line-col+number] == 0:
result[line] = col
column[col] = rup[line+col] = lup[line-col+number] = 1
backtrack(line + 1)
column[col] = rup[line+col] = lup[line-col+number] = 0
def show_result():
global no
no += 1
print "result no %r:" % no
for i in range(1, number + 1):
for j in range(1, number + 1):
if result[i] == j:
print " Q ",
else:
print " . ",
print "\n"
if __name__ == "__main__":
number = 8
result = [0] * (number + 1)
column = [0] * (number + 1)
rup = [0] * (2*number + 1)
lup = [0] * (2*number + 1)
# print column[number]
backtrack(1)
上述算法都是递归算法,在皇后数多的都比较消耗内存。
独立解参考《八皇后问题独立解JAVA代码》:
http://kingxss.iteye.com/blog/2290026