MongoDB基本操作

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-26 14:46:23 发布

gaoZhuanMing

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-26 14:46:23 发布

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分类专栏：数据库文章标签： mongodb 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/gaoZhuanMing/article/details/120736873

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1. 安装

创建 /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-5.0.repo 文件：

[mongodb-org-5.0]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/5.0/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-5.0.asc

$ sudo yum install -y mongodb-org

其他的安装方法：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/installation/#std-label-tutorial-installation。

启动：

$ sudo systemctl start mongod

开启会话：

$ mongosh

2. 卸载

$ sudo systemctl stop mongod
$ sudo yum erase $(rpm -qa | grep mongodb-org)
$ sudo rm -r /var/log/mongodb
$ sudo rm -r /var/lib/mongo

3. 数据库操作

查看当前使用的数据库
```
test> db
test
```
db 表示当前数据库。

查看所有的数据库

test> show dbs
admin     41 kB
config  12.3 kB
local     41 kB

切换/创建数据库（没有则创建之）

test> use movie
switched to db movie
movie>

删除数据库

test> db.dropDatabase()
{ ok: 1, dropped: 'test' }

4. 集合操作

创建集合 movie（往集合中插入文档，如果集合不存在，则创建之）

test> db.movie.insertOne(
	{
		title: 'Titanic',
	 	year: 1997,
	}
)
{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedId: ObjectId("616635e34955bbfc887c39c6")
}

查看集合
```
test> show collections
movie
```
删除集合 movie
```
test> db.movie.drop()
true
```

5. 文档操作

插入

插入一条文档：

test> db.movie.insertOne(
	{
	      title: 'Titanic',
	      year: 1997,
	      genres: [ 'Drama', 'Romance' ],
	      rated: 'PG-13',
	      languages: [ 'English', 'French', 'German', 'Swedish', 'Italian', 'Russian' ],
	      released: ISODate("1997-12-19T00:00:00.000Z"),
	      awards: {
	         wins: 127,
	         nominations: 63,
	         text: 'Won 11 Oscars. Another 116 wins & 63 nominations.'
	      },
	      cast: [ 'Leonardo DiCaprio', 'Kate Winslet', 'Billy Zane', 'Kathy Bates' ],
	      directors: [ 'James Cameron' ]
	}
)
{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedId: ObjectId("616635e34955bbfc887c39c6")
}

插入多条文档

test> db.movie.insertMany([
   {
      title: 'The Dark Knight',
      year: 2008,
      genres: [ 'Action', 'Crime', 'Drama' ],
      rated: 'PG-13',
      languages: [ 'English', 'Mandarin' ],
      released: ISODate("2008-07-18T00:00:00.000Z"),
      awards: {
         wins: 144,
         nominations: 106,
         text: 'Won 2 Oscars. Another 142 wins & 106 nominations.'
      },
      cast: [ 'Christian Bale', 'Heath Ledger', 'Aaron Eckhart', 'Michael Caine' ],
      directors: [ 'Christopher Nolan' ]
   },
   {
      title: 'Spirited Away',
      year: 2001,
      genres: [ 'Animation', 'Adventure', 'Family' ],
      rated: 'PG',
      languages: [ 'Japanese' ],
      released: ISODate("2003-03-28T00:00:00.000Z"),
      awards: {
         wins: 52,
         nominations: 22,
         text: 'Won 1 Oscar. Another 51 wins & 22 nominations.'
      },
      cast: [ 'Rumi Hiiragi', 'Miyu Irino', 'Mari Natsuki', 'Takashi Naitè' ],
      directors: [ 'Hayao Miyazaki' ]
   }
])
{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedIds: {
    '0': ObjectId("616637934955bbfc887c39c9"),
    '1': ObjectId("616637934955bbfc887c39ca")
  }
}

查询

查询所有文档（不指定任何过滤条件）

test> db.movie.find({})
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId("616635e34955bbfc887c39c6"),
    title: 'Titanic',
    ...
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId("616637934955bbfc887c39c9"),
    title: 'The Dark Knight',
    ...
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId("616637934955bbfc887c39ca"),
    title: 'Spirited Away',
    ...
  }
]

过滤文档

directors 字段值为 Christopher Nolan 的文档：

test> db.movie.find( { "directors": "Christopher Nolan" } );
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId("616637934955bbfc887c39c9"),
    title: 'The Dark Knight',
    ...
    directors: [ 'Christopher Nolan' ]
  }
]

released 字段值小于（$lt）ISODate("2000-01-01") 的文档：

test> db.movie.find( { "released": { $lt: ISODate("2000-01-01") } } );
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId("616635e34955bbfc887c39c6"),
    title: 'Titanic',
    ...
    released: ISODate("1997-12-19T00:00:00.000Z"),
    ...
  }
]

languages 字段值为 Japanese 或 Mandarin 的文档：

test> db.movie.find( { "languages": { $in: [ "Japanese", "Mandarin" ] } } )
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId("616637934955bbfc887c39c9"),
    title: 'The Dark Knight',
    ...
    languages: [ 'English', 'Mandarin' ],
    ...
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId("616637934955bbfc887c39ca"),
    title: 'Spirited Away',
    ...
    languages: [ 'Japanese' ],
    ...
  }
]

投影字段：在过滤条件之后，指定要列出哪些字段（1 表示列出，0 表示不要列出）

test> db.movie.find( { "directors": "Christopher Nolan" }, { "_id": 0, "title": 1, "directors": 1, "year": 1 } );
[
  {
    title: 'The Dark Knight',
    year: 2008,
    directors: [ 'Christopher Nolan' ]
  }
]

更新

更新一条文档：前面指定匹配条件，后面指定要执行的更新操作

test> db.movie.updateOne( { "directors": "Christopher Nolan" }, { $set: { "year": 2008 } });
{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedId: null,
  matchedCount: 1,
  modifiedCount: 1,
  upsertedCount: 0
}

更新多条文档

test> db.movie.updateMany( { "directors": "Christopher Nolan" }, { $set: { "year": 2008 } });
{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedId: null,
  matchedCount: 1,
  modifiedCount: 0,
  upsertedCount: 0
}

删除

删除一条文档

test> db.movie.deleteOne( { "directors": "Christopher Nolan" });
{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: 1 }

删除多条文档

test> db.movie.deleteMany( { "directors": "Christopher Nolan" });
{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: 0 }

删除所有文档

test> db.movie.deleteMany( {});
{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: 2 }

6. 其他操作

排序

排序：1 表示升序，-1 表示降序。

test> db.movie.find({}, { "_id": 0, "title": 1, "awards": 1 }).sort({ "awards.wins": -1 })
[
  {
    title: 'The Dark Knight',
    awards: {
      wins: 144,
      nominations: 106,
      text: 'Won 2 Oscars. Another 142 wins & 106 nominations.'
    }
  },
  {
    title: 'Titanic',
    awards: {
      wins: 127,
      nominations: 63,
      text: 'Won 11 Oscars. Another 116 wins & 63 nominations.'
    }
  },
  {
    title: 'Spirited Away',
    awards: {
      wins: 52,
      nominations: 22,
      text: 'Won 1 Oscar. Another 51 wins & 22 nominations.'
    }
  },
  {
    title: 'Casablanca',
    awards: {
      wins: 9,
      nominations: 6,
      text: 'Won 3 Oscars. Another 6 wins & 6 nominations.'
    }
  }
]

skip、limit

限定结果集大小：跳过一条文档，且最多返回两条文档

test> db.movie.find({}, { "_id": 0, "title": 1, "awards": 1 }).sort({ "awards.wins": 1 }).skip(1).limit(2)
[
  {
    title: 'Spirited Away',
    awards: {
      wins: 52,
      nominations: 22,
      text: 'Won 1 Oscar. Another 51 wins & 22 nominations.'
    }
  },
  {
    title: 'Titanic',
    awards: {
      wins: 127,
      nominations: 63,
      text: 'Won 11 Oscars. Another 116 wins & 63 nominations.'
    }
  }
]

7. 开启远程连接

编辑文件：/etc/mongod.conf，修改 bindIp 选项的值为 0.0.0.0，然后重启服务 systemctl restart mongod。

完整的配置选项见 https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/configuration-options/#configuration-file

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MongoDB基本操作

1. 安装创建 /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-5.0.repo 文件：[mongodb-org-5.0]name=MongoDB Repositorybaseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/5.0/x86_64/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-5.0.asc$ su
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