一 Response对象的功能:设置响应消息
1. 设置响应行
1. 格式:HTTP/1.1 200 ok
2. 设置状态码:setStatus(int sc)
2. 设置响应头
setHeader(String name, String value)
3. 设置响应体
* 使用步骤:
1. 获取输出流
* 字符输出流:PrintWriter getWriter()
* 字节输出流:ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()
2. 使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器
二 Response对象的案例:重定向
* 重定向:资源跳转的方式
* 代码实现:
//1. 设置状态码为302
response.setStatus(302);
//2.设置响应头location
response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");
//简单的重定向方法
response.sendRedirect("/day15/responseDemo2");
1. 使用resp.setStatus(302)和resp.setHeader("location","/day13_Servlet/responseDemo2")的方式
package cn.itcast.web.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/response1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("responseDemo1......");
resp.setStatus(302);
resp.setHeader("location","/day13_Servlet/responseDemo2");
}
}
package cn.itcast.web.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/response2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("responseDemo2......");
}
}
当我们在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/day13_Servlet/responseDemo1时,会先访问/day13_Servlet/responseDemo1然后重定向到/day13_Servlet/responseDemo2.
2. 使用resp.sendRedirect("/day13_Servlet/response2")方式
这种方式和方式一效果是一样的,但是更方便一些,操作简单
package cn.itcast.web.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/response1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("responseDemo1......");
//重定向路径写法1:省略了IP/域名和端口号的绝对路径 /day13_Servlet/response2
//resp.sendRedirect("/day13_Servlet/response2");
//重定向路径写法2:相对路径 ./response2, ./代表和当前资源在同一路径下
//resp.sendRedirect("./response2");
//重定向路径写法3:相对路径 response2, 和写./是一样的效果
resp.sendRedirect("response2");
}
}
package cn.itcast.web.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/response2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("ResponseDemo2......");
}
}
3. 重定向的特点:和请求转发对比
* 重定向的特点:redirect
1. 地址栏发生变化
2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
3. 重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据
* 转发的特点:forward
1. 转发地址栏路径不变
2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
3. 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据
4. 路径的写法
1) 相对路径:通过相对路径不可以确定唯一资源
* 如:./index.html
* 不以/开头,以.开头路径
* 规则:找到当前资源和目标资源之间的相对位置关系
* ./:当前目录
* ../:后退一级目录
2) 绝对路径:通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
* 如:完整的绝对路径http://localhost/day15/responseDemo2 简化的绝对路径(省略了IP/域名、端口号)/day15/responseDemo2
* 以/开头的路径
* 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的?判断请求将来从哪儿发出
* 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
* 建议虚拟目录动态获取:request.getContextPath()
* <a> , <form> 重定向...
* 给服务器使用:不需要加虚拟目录
* 转发路径
三 Response对象的案例:服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
1. 步骤
1) 获取字符输出流
2)输出数据
2. 注意
* 乱码问题:
1)PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();获取的流的默认编码是ISO-8859-1
2)设置该流的默认编码
3)告诉浏览器响应体使用的编码
//简单的形式,设置编码,是在获取流之前设置
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
package cn.itcast.web.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/response4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
* 解决中文乱码的方式一:
* resp.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
* 这一行代码能代表如下两行代码:
* resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
* resp.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
*/
//resp.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//解决中文乱码的方式二:简单,和方式一效果是一样的
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
pw.write("输出字符流数据");
}
}
四 Response对象的案例:服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
1. 步骤:
1) 获取字节输出流
2) 输出数据
package cn.itcast.web.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/response4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决中文乱码,告诉浏览去用什么方式解码
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
//设置编码的方式
outputStream.write("服务器输出字节数据到浏览器".getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
}
五 Response对象的案例:验证码
1. 本质:图片
2. 目的:防止恶意表单注册
package cn.itcast.web.response;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/checkCode")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 创建一个图片对象
int width=100;//图片的宽
int height=50;//图片的高
BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//2. 美化图片
Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics();//获取画笔对象
//2.1 填充背景色
graphics.setColor(Color.PINK);
graphics.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
//2.2 画边框
graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
graphics.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
//2.3 生成随机角标
String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random ran=new Random();
for(int i=1;i<=4;i++){
int index=ran.nextInt(str.length());
char ch=str.charAt(index);
graphics.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
}
//2.4 画干扰线
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
graphics.setColor(Color.GREEN);
int x1=ran.nextInt(width);
int x2=ran.nextInt(width);
int y1=ran.nextInt(height);
int y2=ran.nextInt(height);
graphics.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
//3. 将图片输出到浏览器
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
}
}