C++中的文件的输入输出函数应用实例

本程序实现的是对一个结构体数组进行写入磁盘二进制文件，提取其中若干个，修改二进制文件中特定的结构体。先上代码：

// in-out stream.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "iostream "
#include "fstream"
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
 string name;
 int    num;
 char   sex;
}stu[5];

#if 0
void save_to_file()
{
 ofstream outfile("f1.txt");
 if( !outfile )
 { cerr << "open f1.txt error! " << endl;
 exit( 1 );
 }
 char c[80 ];
 cin.getline( c, 80);
 for( int i = 0 ; c[ i ] != '\0'; i ++ )
 {   if( c[ i ] <= 90 && c[ i ] >= 65 || c[ i ] >= 97 && c[ i ] <=122 )
 outfile.put( c[ i ]);
 cout << c[ i ];
 }
 cout << endl;
 outfile.close();
 
}
void get_from_file()
{
 char ch;
 // 定义输入文件流infile
 ifstream infile( "f2.txt" );
 if(! infile )
 { cerr << " open f2.dat error!" << endl;}
 
 //定义输出文件outfile
 ofstream outfile( "f3.txt");
 if(! outfile )
 { cerr << " open f3.dat error!" << endl; }

 // 修改、输出到文件并显示到screem
 while( infile.get( ch ) )
  {
   if( ch <= 122 && ch >= 97 )
   { ch = ch - 32; }
   outfile.put( ch );
   cout << ch;
      }
 cout << endl;
 infile.close();
 outfile.close();
}
#else 1

void save_stu_to_file( student* stu )
{
 ofstream outfile( "stu.dat",ios::binary );
 if( !outfile )
 { cerr << "open error !" << endl;
    abort();
 }
 for( int i = 0; i < 5; i ++ )
  outfile.write(( char * )&stu[ i ],sizeof( stu[ i ] ));
}
/*-------------------由磁盘读入stu0,stu2和stu4内存并显示出---------------------*/
void get_from_file( student *stu )
{
 student stu_1[ 5 ];
 int i ,j = 0;
 ifstream infile( "stu.dat",ios::binary );
 if( !infile )
 { cerr << "open  the file error!" << endl; abort();  }
 for( i = 0; i < 5; i = i + 2  )
 {
  infile.seekg( i * sizeof( stu[ i ]),ios::beg );
  infile.read(( char* ) &stu_1[ i/2 ], sizeof( stu_1[ i/2 ] ));
  j ++;
 }
  
 
 for( int i = 0; i < 3; i ++ )
 {
  cout << "name: " << stu_1[ i ].name << " " << "NO.: " << stu_1[ i ].num << " sex: " << stu_1[ i ].sex << endl;
 }
 infile.close( );
}
/*_________________修改第三个stu——————*/
void rectify(student *stu )
{
 student stu_2;
 ifstream infile("stu.dat",ios::binary );
 if( !infile )
 { cerr << "open error in rectify !" << endl; }
 /*------------------------------------*/
 //将文件中的第三个结构体成员读入stu_2中并输出
  infile.seekg( 2 * sizeof( student ));
 infile.read( ( char* )&stu_2, sizeof( stu[ 2 ]));
 
 cout << "stu_2name: " << stu_2.name << " " << "stu_2NO.: " << stu_2.num << " stu_2sex: " << stu_2.sex << endl;
   // 输出结束
 /*-----------修改stu_2成员值-------------------------*/
 stu[ 2 ].name = "Lucy";
 stu[ 2 ].num  =  999;
 stu[ 2 ].sex  =  'u';
 /*--------------将stu[ 2 ]重新写入文件中-------------------*/
 ofstream outfile( "stu.dat",ios::binary );
 if(! outfile )
  { cerr << "open error in rectify !" << endl; }
 cout << "rectify the third (3) NO.: " << endl;

 /*----------特定区域写入必须同时使用outfile.seekp()和outfile.write()--------------*/

 outfile.seekp( 2 * sizeof( student ),ios::beg );
 outfile.write( ( char* )&stu[ 2 ], sizeof( stu[ 2 ] ) );

 /*----------像一对孪生兄弟，写入的stu[2]不可换为stu_2结构体------------------------*/

 infile.seekg( 0, ios::beg );
 /*infile.seekg( 2* sizeof(stu[0]),ios::beg );
 infile.read(( char* )&stu[2],sizeof(stu[ 2 ] ));
 cout << "stu为：" << stu[ 2 ].name << endl;*/
 /*-----------再输出stu文件------------*/
 for( int i = 0; i < 5; i ++ )
 {
  infile.read(( char *)&stu[ i ],sizeof( stu[ i ]));
  cout << "name: " << stu[ i ].name << " " << "NO.: " << stu[ i ].num << " sex: " << stu[ i ].sex << endl;
 }
 infile.close();
 outfile.close();
 
}

#endif

 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 student stu[ 5 ] = {
                  {"wang", 1001,'f'},
                     {"zhang",1002,'f'},
                     {"li" ,  1003,'m'},
                     {"sun",  1004,'f'},
                     {"zhou", 1005,'m'}
                     };

 /*save_to_file();
 get_from_file();*/
 /*------将结构体数组存入磁盘---------*/
 save_stu_to_file( stu );
 //
 /*---------read第1,3,5个结构体成员-----------*/
 //get_from_file( stu );

 /*-----------修改第三个结构体成员值并输出-------------------*/
 //student stu0[ 5 ];
 ifstream infile( "stu.dat",ios::binary );
 /*for( int i = 0; i < 5; i ++ )
 {
  infile.read( (char*)&stu0[ i ],sizeof(stu0[ i ]));
 }
 for( int j = 0 ;j < 5; j ++ )
  cout << stu0[ j ].name << " " << stu0[ j ].num << " " << stu0[ j ].sex << endl;*/

#if 1
 rectify( stu );
#else
 student stu_2;
 stu[ 2 ].name = "Lucy";
 stu[ 2 ].num  =  999;
 stu[ 2 ].sex  =  'u';
 /*--------------将stu_2重新写入文件中-------------------*/
 ofstream outfile( "stu.dat",ios::binary );
 if(! outfile )
  { cerr << "open error in rectify !" << endl; }
 cout << "rectify the third (3) NO.: " << endl;
 outfile.seekp( 2 * sizeof( stu[ 0 ] ),ios::beg );
 outfile.write( ( char* )&stu[ 2 ], sizeof( stu[ 2 ] ) );
 infile.seekg( 0, ios::beg );
 for( int i = 0; i < 5; i ++ )
 {
  infile.read( (char*)&stu[ i ],sizeof(stu[ i ]));
 }
 for( int j = 0 ;j < 5; j ++ )
  cout << stu[ j ].name << " " << stu[ j ].num << " " << stu[ j ].sex << endl;
#endif

 return 1;
}

//可以用txt和dat格式的文件作为输出输入文件的格式。它支持数字和字符。比C中的输出入文件函数功能要好！
//文件中空格也为内容，读取时同其他数据，终止判据为文件终止。

运行结果如下：