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🚧 系列专栏:《ES小结》
🎈 本系列记录ElasticSearch技术学习历程以及问题解决
ElasticSearch高效数据统计
聚合查询
① 什么是聚合查询
聚合是ES
除搜索功能外提供的针对ES
数据做统计分析的功能,聚合有助于根据搜索查询提供聚合数据,聚合查询是数据库中重要额功能特性,ES
作为搜索引擎兼数据库,同样提供了强大的聚合分析功能力,它是基于查询条件来对数据进行分桶、计算的方法,这种很类似与SQL
中的group by
再加上一些函数方法的操作。
在了解聚合查询之前需要注意的一点是:text
类型是不支持聚合的,主要是因为text
类型本身是分词的,通俗的说,如果一句话分成了多个词然后进行group by
操作,那么问题就出现了,到底对哪一个词进行group by
操作呢?无法指定!
② Kibana 命令测试聚合查询
创建测试索引
PUT /fruit
{
"mappings":{
"properties":{
"title":"keyword"
},
"price":{
"type":"double"
},
"description":{
"type":"text"
}
}
}
存放测试数据
PUT /fruit/_bulk
{"index":{}}
{"title":"面包","price":19.6,"description":"小面包很便宜"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"旺旺牛奶","price":29.6,"description":"旺旺牛奶很好喝"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"日本豆","price":9.0,"description":"日本豆很便宜"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"大辣条","price":10.6,"description":"大辣条超级好吃"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"海苔","price":49.6,"description":"海苔很一般"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"小饼干","price":9.6,"description":"小饼干很小"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"小葡萄","price":59.6,"description":"小葡萄很好吃"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"小饼干","price":19.6,"description":"小饼干很小"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"小饼干","price":59.6,"description":"小饼干很小"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"小饼干","price":29.6,"description":"小饼干很小"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"小饼干","price":39.6,"description":"小饼干很小"}
③ 聚合操作使用
根据某个字段分组
GET /fruit/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {
}
},
"aggs": {
"price_group": {
"terms": {
"field": "price"
}
}
}
}
求最大值
GET /fruit/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"aggs": {
"max_price": {
"max": {
"field": "price"
}
}
}
}
最小值
GET /fruit/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"min_price": {
"min": {
"field": "price"
}
}
}
}
求总数
GET /fruit/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"min_price": {
"sum": {
"field": "price"
}
}
}
}
求平均值
GET /fruit/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"avg_price": {
"avg": {
"field": "price"
}
}
}
}
④ RestHighLevelClient 测试聚合查询
在使用Java API
实现上述操作之前,有必要先了解一下实现过程中使用到的某些方法以及工具
常见的聚合查询:
- 统计某个字段的数量
ValueCountBuilder vcb= AggregationBuilders.count(“分组的名称”).field(“字段”);
- 去重统计某个字段的数量(有少量的误差)
CardinalityBuilder cb= AggregationBuilders.cardinality(“分组的名称”).field(“字段”);
- 聚合过滤
FilterAggregationBuilder fab= AggregationBuilders.filter(“分组的名称”).filter(QueryBuilders.queryStringQuery(“字段:过滤值”));
- 按某个字段分组
TermsBuilder tb= AggregationBuilders.terms(“分组的名称”).field(“字段”);
- 求最大值
SumBuilder sumBuilder= AggregationBuilders.max(“分组的名称”).field(“字段”);
- 求最小值
AvgBuilder ab= AggregationBuilders.min(“分组的名称”).field(“字段”);
- 求平均值
MaxBuilder mb= AggregationBuilders.avg(“分组的名称”).field(“字段”);
- 按日期间隔分组
DateHistogramBuilder dhb= AggregationBuilders.dateHistogram(“分组的名称”).field(“字段”);
- 获取聚合里面的结果
TopHitsBuilder thb= AggregationBuilders.topHits(“分组的名称”);
- 嵌套的聚合
NestedBuilder nb= AggregationBuilders.nested(“分组的名称”).path(“字段”);
- 反转嵌套
AggregationBuilders.reverseNested(“分组的名称”).path("字段 ");
使用Java API
实现上述在Kibana
中的各项操作
根据某个字段分组
public class RestHighLevelClientForAggs {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RestHighLevelClient esClient = Client.getClient();
//基于terms 类型聚合 基于字段进行分组聚合
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("fruit");
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder
.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())//查询条件
//用来设置聚合处理
.aggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms("price_group").field("price"))
.size(0);
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = null;
try {
response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
//处理聚合的结果
Aggregations aggregations = response.getAggregations();
ParsedDoubleTerms doubleTerms = aggregations.get("price_group");
List<? extends Terms.Bucket> buckets = doubleTerms.getBuckets();
for (Terms.Bucket bucket : buckets) {
System.out.println(bucket.getKey()+" "+bucket.getDocCount());
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
求最大值
public class AggregationForMax {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RestHighLevelClient client = Client.getClient();
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("fruit");
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder
.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())
.aggregation(AggregationBuilders.max("max_price").field("price"))
.size(0);
request.source(sourceBuilder);
try {
SearchResponse searchResponse =
client.search(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
Aggregations aggregations = searchResponse.getAggregations();
ParsedMax maxPrice = aggregations.get("max_price");
System.out.println(maxPrice.getValueAsString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
注意: 在最终获取分组中的数据时,首先判断所求得的结果是否是Key-Value
的结果,比如上述根据某个字段分组的示例从Kibana
中就可以看出是Key-Value
的形式,所以aggregations.get("分组名称");
返回的结果应该为ParsedXXXXTerms
类型,如果像求最大值、平均值、最小值等在执行到该aggregations.get("分组名称");
返回的结果应该为ParsedXXX
类型
求最小值
public class AggregationForMin {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RestHighLevelClient client = Client.getClient();
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("fruit");
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder
.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())
.aggregation(AggregationBuilders.min("min_price").field("price"))
.size(0);
searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
try {
SearchResponse searchResponse =
client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
Aggregations aggregations = searchResponse.getAggregations();
ParsedMin minPrice = aggregations.get("min_price");
System.out.println(minPrice.getValueAsString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
等等一系列需求的演示和模拟,使用ES
来完成数据的统计。
⑤ 子聚合
先从需求展开,先按照title
进行分组,然后再对每一个分组中的成员对价格price
进行降序排序
先使用命令在Kibana
中实现该操作,其次再根据实现的命令转换为Java
代码实现
使用命令操作进行实现
GET /fruit/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"title_group": {
"terms": {
"field": "title"
},
"aggs": {
"sort_price": {
"terms": {
"field": "price",
"order": {
"_key": "desc"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
将实现的命令转换为
Java
流程
public class AggregationForSub {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RestHighLevelClient client = Client.getClient();
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("fruit");
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
TermsAggregationBuilder termsAggregationBuilder =
AggregationBuilders.terms("title_group").field("title");
TermsAggregationBuilder subAggregationBuilder =
AggregationBuilders.terms("price_sort").field("price").order(BucketOrder.count(false));
//subAggregation 为子聚合
termsAggregationBuilder.subAggregation(subAggregationBuilder);
sourceBuilder
.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())
.aggregation(termsAggregationBuilder)
.size(0);
searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
try {
SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
Aggregations aggregations = searchResponse.getAggregations();
ParsedStringTerms titleGroup = aggregations.get("title_group");
for (Terms.Bucket bucket : titleGroup.getBuckets()) {
System.out.println(bucket.getKey()+"--"+bucket.getDocCount());
Aggregations bucketAggregations = bucket.getAggregations();
ParsedDoubleTerms priceSort = bucketAggregations.get("price_sort");
for (Terms.Bucket priceSortBucket : priceSort.getBuckets()) {
System.out.println(priceSortBucket.getKey()+"--"+priceSortBucket.getDocCount());
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}