Autofac下载地址:http://code.google.com/p/autofac/
Castle Windsor下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/castleproject/files/Windsor/2.5/Castle.Windsor.2.5.3.zip/download
Unity下载地址:http://entlib.codeplex.com/
Spring.NET下载地址:http://www.springframework.net/
StructureMap下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/structuremap/files/
Ninject下载地址:http://ninject.org/download
其中,测试程序均采用最新的类库。
基础工作
1、程序还是引用上一篇的示例作为测试背景。
2、编写一个性能计数器,这里我采用老赵写的一个CodeTimer的类,具体介绍见:http://www.cnblogs.com/JeffreyZhao/archive/2009/03/10/codetimer.html
使用方式类似于:
CodeTimer.Time( " String Concat " , iteration, () => { s += " a " ; });
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
CodeTimer.Time( " StringBuilder " , iteration, () => { sb.Append( " a " ); });
3、编写一个IRunner运行接口:
{
void Start(RunType runType);
}
以及RunnerBase抽象基础运行类:
{
private int _iteration = Convert.ToInt32(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings[ " Iteration " ] ?? " 10000 " );
internal int Iteration
{
get { return _iteration; }
}
internal void Time(Action action)
{
CodeTimer.Time(Name, Iteration, action);
}
protected abstract string Name { get ; }
}
这里_iteration表示测试运行次数,通过配置文件来设置值。Time方法通过计数器对action方法进行Iteration次迭代。
编写一个RunManager的运行管理器:
{
public static void Start(IRunner runner)
{
Start(runner, RunType.Transient);
}
public static void Start(IRunner runner, RunType runType)
{
runner.Start(runType);
}
}
在测试中,我采用两种方式的性能比较,一个是单例状态,一个是非单例状态:
/// 运行状态
/// </summary>
public enum RunType
{
/// <summary>
/// 单例
/// </summary>
Singleton,
/// <summary>
/// 瞬时
/// </summary>
Transient
}
好了,现在我的程序只要继承RunnerBase以及IRunnre接口,就可以实现各个IOC框架的初始化装配的工作了。基础工作已经做好。
各个IOC框架测试程序
1、Autofac:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Autofac " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
// if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
// builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>().SingleInstance();
// else
// builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>();
// builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
/// /builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac"));
builder.RegisterType < SqlDatabase > ().As < IDatabase > ();
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > ())).SingleInstance();
else
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > ()));
var container = builder.Build();
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
container.Dispose();
}
}
2、Castle Windsor:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Castle Windsor " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var container = new WindsorContainer();
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.Register(Component.For( typeof (DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Singleton);
else
container.Register(Component.For( typeof (DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Transient);
container.Register(Component.For( typeof (IDatabase)).ImplementedBy( typeof (SqlDatabase)));
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
3、Unity:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Unity " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var container = new UnityContainer();
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
else
container.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ( new TransientLifetimeManager());
container.RegisterType < IDatabase, SqlDatabase > ();
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
4、Spring.NET:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Spring.NET " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
string databaseManagerName;
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
databaseManagerName = " DatabaseManager_Singleton " ;
else
databaseManagerName = " DatabaseManager_Transient " ;
Time(() =>
{
IApplicationContext context = ContextRegistry.GetContext();
var manager = (DatabaseManager)context.GetObject(databaseManagerName);
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
5、StructureMap:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " StructureMap " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
ObjectFactory.Initialize(container =>
{
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.ForRequestedType < DatabaseManager > ().Singleton();
else
container.ForRequestedType < DatabaseManager > ();
container.ForRequestedType < IDatabase > ().TheDefaultIsConcreteType < SqlDatabase > ();
});
Time(() =>
{
var manager = ObjectFactory.GetInstance < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
6、Ninject:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Ninject " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel( new MyNinjectModule(runType));
Time(() =>
{
var manager = kernel.Get < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
客户端测试程序
{
CodeTimer.Initialize();
Console.WriteLine( " IOC - Singleton " );
// Autofac Singleton
RunManager.Start( new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Castle Windsor
RunManager.Start( new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Unity
RunManager.Start( new UnityRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Spring.NET
RunManager.Start( new SpringRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// StructureMap
RunManager.Start( new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Ninject
RunManager.Start( new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
Console.WriteLine( " =================================== " );
Console.WriteLine( " IOC - Transient " );
// Autofac Singleton
RunManager.Start( new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Castle Windsor
RunManager.Start( new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Unity
RunManager.Start( new UnityRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Spring.NET
RunManager.Start( new SpringRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// StructureMap
RunManager.Start( new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Ninject
RunManager.Start( new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Transient);
Console.ReadKey();
}
通过修改App.config的Iteration配置值,来设置迭代次数。
< add key ="Iteration" value ="100000" />
</ appSettings >
运行结果
1、Iteration=1000:
分析:在千数量级时,Autofac,CastleWindsor、StructureMap基本差不多,效率上比其他的要高。
2、Iteration=10000:
分析:在万数量级时,Autofac,CastleWindsor,StructureMap基本效率还是差不多,其中StructureMap效率稍稍有些下降;Spring.NET以及Ninject的性能比较低。
3、Iteration=100000:
分析:在十万数量级时,CastleWindsor的效率开始下降,而在Transient方面,StructureMap和Autofac基本差不多。
4、Iteration=1000000:
分析:在百万数量级时,Autofac和StructureMap两者还是保持比较高的效率,并且在Transient方面,StructureMap已经超过了Autofac。
总结:从测试中,可以看出Autofac和StructureMap在性能上面还是体现出比较大的优势,Ninject可以说性能上较低。而Spring.NET不仅仅专注于IOC方面,它还专注于其他方方面面的功能,所以在IOC方面的性能不是太高。另外,微软的Unity中规中矩,性能较为稳定,也是一个不错的选择。另外,可能测试程序会有所偏差,希望大家也能够指出问题!
测试程序源代码:IOCPerformanceTest.rar
Autofac是一款IOC框架,比较于其他的IOC框架,如Spring.NET,Unity,Castle等等所包含的,它很轻量级性能上也是很高的。于是,今天抽空研究了下它。下载地址:http://code.google.com/p/autofac/downloads/list
1)解压它的压缩包,主要看到Autofac.dll,Autofac.Configuration.dll,这也是本篇文章重点使用的Autofac的类库。
2)创建一个控制台工程,并且引用以上的DLL文件。创建一个数据库操作接口IDatabase.cs:
/// Database operate interface
/// </summary>
public interface IDatabase
{
string Name { get ; }
void Select( string commandText);
void Insert( string commandText);
void Update( string commandText);
void Delete( string commandText);
}
这里包含CRUD四种操作的方法。
3)创建两种数据库的操作类,SqlDatabase.cs以及OracleDatabase.cs:
{
public string Name
{
get { return " sqlserver " ; }
}
public void Select( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a query sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
public void Insert( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a insert sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
public void Update( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a update sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
public void Delete( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a delete sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
}
以及
{
public string Name
{
get { return " oracle " ; }
}
public void Select( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a query sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
public void Insert( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a insert sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
public void Update( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a update sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
public void Delete( string commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine( string .Format( " '{0}' is a delete sql in {1}! " , commandText, Name));
}
}
4)接着创建一个数据库管理器DatabaseManager.cs:
{
IDatabase _database;
public DatabaseManager(IDatabase database)
{
_database = database;
}
public void Search( string commandText)
{
_database.Select(commandText);
}
public void Add( string commandText)
{
_database.Insert(commandText);
}
public void Save( string commandText)
{
_database.Update(commandText);
}
public void Remove( string commandText)
{
_database.Delete(commandText);
}
}
5)在控制台中,编写以下测试程序:
builder.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ();
builder.RegisterType < SqlDatabase > ().As < IDatabase > ();
using (var container = builder.Build())
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FORM USER " );
}
运行结果:
分析:
这里通过ContainerBuilder方法RegisterType对DatabaseManager进行注册,当注册的类型在相应得到的容器中可以Resolve你的DatabaseManager实例。
builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();通过AS可以让DatabaseManager类中通过构造函数依赖注入类型相应的接口。
Build()方法生成一个对应的Container实例,这样,就可以通过Resolve解析到注册的类型实例。
同样地,如果你修改数据库类型注册为:
builder.RegisterType<OracleDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
运行结果:
6)显然以上的程序中,SqlDatabase或者OracleDatabase已经暴露于客户程序中了,现在我想将该类型选择通过文件配置进行读取。Autofac自带了一个Autofac.Configuration.dll 非常方便地对类型进行配置,避免了程序的重新编译。
修改App.config:
< configSections >
< section name ="autofac" type ="Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler, Autofac.Configuration" />
</ configSections >
< autofac defaultAssembly ="AutofacDemo" >
< components >
< component type ="AutofacDemo.SqlDatabase, AutofacDemo" service ="AutofacDemo.IDatabase" />
</ components >
</ autofac >
</ configuration >
通过Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler配置节点对组件进行处理。
对应的客户端程序改为:
builder.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ();
builder.RegisterModule( new ConfigurationSettingsReader( " autofac " ));
using (var container = builder.Build())
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FORM USER " );
}
运行结果:
7)另外还有一种方式,通过Register方法进行注册:
// builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>();
builder.RegisterModule( new ConfigurationSettingsReader( " autofac " ));
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > ()));
using (var container = builder.Build())
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FORM USER " );
}
得到结果也是一样的。
8)现在我想通过一个用户类来控制操作权限,比如增删改的权限,创建一个用户类:
/// Id Identity Interface
/// </summary>
public interface Identity
{
int Id { get ; set ; }
}
public class User : Identity
{
public int Id { get ; set ; }
public string Name { get ; set ; }
}
修改DatabaseManager.cs代码:
{
IDatabase _database;
User _user;
public DatabaseManager(IDatabase database) : this (database, null )
{
}
public DatabaseManager(IDatabase database, User user)
{
_database = database;
_user = user;
}
/// <summary>
/// Check Authority
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool IsAuthority()
{
bool result = _user != null && _user.Id == 1 && _user.Name == " leepy " ? true : false ;
if ( ! result)
Console.WriteLine( " Not authority! " );
return result;
}
public void Search( string commandText)
{
_database.Select(commandText);
}
public void Add( string commandText)
{
if (IsAuthority())
_database.Insert(commandText);
}
public void Save( string commandText)
{
if (IsAuthority())
_database.Update(commandText);
}
public void Remove( string commandText)
{
if (IsAuthority())
_database.Delete(commandText);
}
}
在构造函数中增加了一个参数User,而Add,Save,Remove增加了权限判断。
修改客户端程序:
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterModule( new ConfigurationSettingsReader( " autofac " ));
builder.RegisterInstance(user).As < User > ();
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > (), c.Resolve < User > ()));
using (var container = builder.Build())
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Add( " INSERT INTO USER ... " );
}
运行结果:
builder.RegisterInstance(user).As<User>();注册User实例。
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>(), c.Resolve<User>()));通过Lampda表达式注册DatabaseManager实例。
如果这里我修改User的属性值:
User user = new User { Id = 2, Name = "zhangsan" };
运行结果:
说明该用户无权限操作。