1.Golang的Http源码阅读（http协议）

解释服务器的几个概念：
1. Request 用户请求的信息
2. Response 服务器返回的信息
3. Conn 用户的每次请求链接
4. Handler 处理请求和生成返回信息的处理逻辑

先写个小程序看看

func MyConn() {
    // 监听9090端口
    listener, _ := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:9090")
    defer listener.Close()

    // 建立用户请求的连接
    conn, _ := listener.Accept()
    defer conn.Close()

    // 读取Request的内容
    buff := make([]byte, 10000)
    len, _ := conn.Read(buff)
    fmt.Fprintln(os.Stdout, string(buff[:len]))
}

对于代码，要解释的是读取conn的内容，你可以把conn看做是数据流，先看下Golang中的源码，先不去掉注释，Golang的注释真的是简单好懂，看完了注释，你就应该能理解Conn是什么了。

// Multiple goroutines may invoke methods on a Conn simultaneously.
type Conn interface {
    // Read reads data from the connection.
    // Read can be made to time out and return an Error with Timeout() == true
    // after a fixed time limit; see SetDeadline and SetReadDeadline.
    Read(b []byte) (n int, err error)

    // Write writes data to the connection.
    // Write can be made to time out and return an Error with Timeout() == true
    // after a fixed time limit; see SetDeadline and SetWriteDeadline.
    Write(b []byte) (n int, err error)

    // Close closes the connection.
    // Any blocked Read or Write operations will be unblocked and return errors.
    Close() error

    // LocalAddr returns the local network address.
    LocalAddr() Addr

    // RemoteAddr returns the remote network address.
    RemoteAddr() Addr

    // SetDeadline sets the read and write deadlines associated
    // with the connection. It is equivalent to calling both
    // SetReadDeadline and SetWriteDeadline.
    //
    // A deadline is an absolute time after which I/O operations
    // fail with a timeout (see type Error) instead of
    // blocking. The deadline applies to all future and pending
    // I/O, not just the immediately following call to Read or
    // Write. After a deadline has been exceeded, the connection
    // can be refreshed by setting a deadline in the future.
    //
    // An idle timeout can be implemented by repeatedly extending
    // the deadline after successful Read or Write calls.
    //
    // A zero value for t means I/O operations will not time out.
    SetDeadline(t time.Time) error

    // SetReadDeadline sets the deadline for future Read calls
    // and any currently-blocked Read call.
    // A zero value for t means Read will not time out.
    SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error

    // SetWriteDeadline sets the deadline for future Write calls
    // and any currently-blocked Write call.
    // Even if write times out, it may return n > 0, indicating that
    // some of the data was successfully written.
    // A zero value for t means Write will not time out.
    SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error
}

在浏览器上输入 localhost:9090 ，按下回车键，你的命令行会有一下的内容

GET / HTTP/1.1          //请求行：请求方法(GET), 请求的URL(/)，HTTP协议(HTTP/1.1)
Host: localhost:9090        //服务器主机名
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:61.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/61.0    //浏览器信息
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 //客户端能接受的mine
Accept-Language: zh-CN,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 //请求头允许客户端声明它可以理解的自然语言，以及优先选择的区域方言
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate //是否支持流压缩
Connection: keep-alive      //控制当前传输结束后是否保持网络连接
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1    //Sends a signal to the server expressing the client’s preference for an encrypted and authenticated response, and that it can successfully handle the upgrade-insecure-requests directive.
//空行，分割请求头和消息体
//消息体，POST传递

关于请求头数据的更详细的资料可以看https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers

目前比较重要的是这个数据的第一行

GET / HTTP/1.1  

如果你在地址栏输入的网址是 localhost:9090/hello ，第一行会是这样

GET /hello HTTP/1.1 

对于服务器，首先需要知道协议（是GET还是POST），然后需要知道你想要访问的地址。对于了解MVC的同学肯定了解Controller，在Golang中，也存在类似的路由机制，你可以将访问的URL跟Handler一一对应（感觉是不是有点像键值对），根据请求的URL就可以对请求内容进行操作并返回了，先写到这里，下一节再想想怎么写Handler.