POJ 3253 Fence Repair

题目链接：http://poj.org/problem?id=3253

Description

Farmer John wants to repair a small length of the fence around the pasture. He measures the fence and finds that he needsN (1 ≤ N ≤ 20,000) planks of wood, each having some integer lengthL_i (1 ≤ L_i ≤ 50,000) units. He then purchases a single long board just long enough to saw into theN planks (i.e., whose length is the sum of the lengths L_i). FJ is ignoring the "kerf", the extra length lost to sawdust when a sawcut is made; you should ignore it, too.

FJ sadly realizes that he doesn't own a saw with which to cut the wood, so he mosies over to Farmer Don's Farm with this long board and politely asks if he may borrow a saw.

Farmer Don, a closet capitalist, doesn't lend FJ a saw but instead offers to charge Farmer John for each of theN-1 cuts in the plank. The charge to cut a piece of wood is exactly equal to its length. Cutting a plank of length 21 costs 21 cents.

Farmer Don then lets Farmer John decide the order and locations to cut the plank. Help Farmer John determine the minimum amount of money he can spend to create theN planks. FJ knows that he can cut the board in various different orders which will result in different charges since the resulting intermediate planks are of different lengths.

Input

Line 1: One integer N, the number of planks
Lines 2.. N+1: Each line contains a single integer describing the length of a needed plank

Output

Line 1: One integer: the minimum amount of money he must spend to make N-1 cuts

Sample Input

3
8
5
8

Sample Output

34

Hint

He wants to cut a board of length 21 into pieces of lengths 8, 5, and 8.
The original board measures 8+5+8=21. The first cut will cost 21, and should be used to cut the board into pieces measuring 13 and 8. The second cut will cost 13, and should be used to cut the 13 into 8 and 5. This would cost 21+13=34. If the 21 was cut into 16 and 5 instead, the second cut would cost 16 for a total of 37 (which is more than 34).

主要是要采用逆向思维，只要从板的集合中取出最短的两块，并且把长度为两块板长度之和的板加入集合中即可，因此使用优先队列可以高效地实现。一共需要进行O（N）次O（logN）的操作，因此总的时间复杂度是O（NlogN）.

代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>
#include<iterator>
#include<iterator>
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE  
#else  
    freopen("D:\\in.txt", "r", stdin);
    freopen("D:\\out.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif // ONLINE_JUDEG
    priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> > pq;
    int n(0);
    cin >> n;//忽略第一行
    while (cin >> n)
    {
        pq.push(n);
    }
    long long sum(0);
    int l1(0), l2(0);
    while (pq.size() > 1)
    {
        l1= pq.top();
        pq.pop();
        l2= pq.top();
        pq.pop();
        sum = sum+l1 + l2;
        pq.push(l1 + l2);
    }
    cout << sum;
    return 0;
}