Qt-chart-按钮实现刷新图表

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-06 13:43:47 发布

GeraldJones

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-06 13:43:47 发布

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分类专栏： # Qt 文章标签： Qt QtCharts UI界面设计

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/gerald_jones/article/details/106492645

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Qt chart 创建流程

在项目中使用Qt Charts的模块，必须在项目的配置文件中添加（.pro文件）下列一行语句：

Qt += charts
在需要使用到Qt Charts的类的头文件中添加对Qt charts的引用，包含下列语句：
```
#include <QtCharts>

using namespace QtCharts;
```
也可以使用宏定义：
```
#include <QtCharts>

QT_CHARTS_USE_NAMESPACE
```

创建图表的过程：

创建chartView视图组件，用于显示Qtchart图表。QtDesigner操作中，先放置一个QGraphicsView组件，然后升级为QChartView。

QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(this);

创建chart对象，并将chart添加到创建的chartView组件中。

QChart *chart = new QChart();

chartView->setChart(chart);

创建图表（折线、柱状、饼状……）的序列series对象，并将序列添加到图表中。

QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();
chart->addSeries(series0);

为序列添加数据使用append或者QPointF。

QValueAxis *axisX = new QValueAxis;
curAxis=axisX; //当前坐标轴
axisX->setRange(0, 10); //设置坐标轴范围

为chart创建坐标轴QValueAxis，并为序列设置坐标轴。

QValueAxis *axisX = new QValueAxis;
axisX->setRange(0, 10); //设置x坐标轴范围
QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;
axisY->setRange(-2, 2); //设置y坐标轴范围

series0->attachAxis(axisX); //序列 series0 附加坐标轴
series0->attachAxis(axisY);

封装创建图表流程。

为了后续能够松耦合的开发图表相关的界面，可以将整个创建图表的过程分为三个部分：创建基本图表过程（createChart()）、数据生成部分（prepareData()）、更新界面显示部分（updateFromChart()）。具体的实现在下面小节。
程序运行截图如下：

Qt创建图表函数实现

Qtchart_refresh.pro 实现

#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2020-06-01T20:56:43
#
#-------------------------------------------------

QT       += core gui
QT       += charts

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

TARGET = Qtchart_refresh
TEMPLATE = app

# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which has been marked as deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0

CONFIG += c++11

SOURCES += \
        main.cpp \
        mainwindow.cpp

HEADERS += \
        mainwindow.h

FORMS += \
        mainwindow.ui

# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target

mianwindow.h 实现

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtCharts>

QT_CHARTS_USE_NAMESPACE

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_pushButton_Refresh_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;

    QLineSeries *curSeries; //当前序列
    QValueAxis *curAxis; //当前坐标轴

    void    createChart(); //创建图表
    void    prepareData(); //更新数据
    void    updateFromChart(); //从图表更新到界面
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    createChart();//创建图表
    prepareData();//生成数据
    updateFromChart(); //从图表获得属性值，刷新界面显示
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::createChart()
{
    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->setTitle(tr("简单函数曲线"));
//    chart->setAcceptHoverEvents(true);
    ui->chartView->setChart(chart);
    ui->chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();
    QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries();
    series0->setName("Sin曲线");
    series1->setName("Cos曲线");

    curSeries=series0; //当前序列

    QPen    pen;
    pen.setStyle(Qt::DotLine);//Qt::SolidLine, Qt::DashLine, Qt::DotLine, Qt::DashDotLine
    pen.setWidth(2);
    pen.setColor(Qt::red);
    series0->setPen(pen); //折线序列的线条设置

    pen.setStyle(Qt::SolidLine);//Qt::SolidLine, Qt::DashLine, Qt::DotLine, Qt::DashDotLine
    pen.setColor(Qt::blue);
    series1->setPen(pen);//折线序列的线条设置

    chart->addSeries(series0);
    chart->addSeries(series1);

    QValueAxis *axisX = new QValueAxis;
    curAxis=axisX; //当前坐标轴
    axisX->setRange(0, 10); //设置坐标轴范围
    axisX->setLabelFormat("%.1f"); //标签格式
    axisX->setTickCount(11); //主分隔个数
    axisX->setMinorTickCount(4);
    axisX->setTitleText("time(secs)"); //标题
//    axisX->setGridLineVisible(false);

    QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;
    axisY->setRange(-2, 2);
    axisY->setTitleText("value");
    axisY->setTickCount(5);
    axisY->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); //标签格式
//    axisY->setGridLineVisible(false);
    axisY->setMinorTickCount(4);


    chart->addAxis(axisX,Qt::AlignBottom); //坐标轴添加到图表，并指定方向
    chart->addAxis(axisY,Qt::AlignLeft);

    series0->attachAxis(axisX); //序列 series0 附加坐标轴
    series0->attachAxis(axisY);

    series1->attachAxis(axisX);//序列 series1 附加坐标轴
    series1->attachAxis(axisY);

    foreach (QLegendMarker* marker, chart->legend()->markers()) {
        QObject::disconnect(marker, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(on_LegendMarkerClicked()));
        QObject::connect(marker, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(on_LegendMarkerClicked()));
    }
}
//更新数据
void MainWindow::prepareData()
{
    //为序列生成数据
    QLineSeries *series0=(QLineSeries *)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(0);
    QLineSeries *series1=(QLineSeries *)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(1);

    series0->clear(); //清除数据
    series1->clear();

    qsrand(QTime::currentTime().second());//随机数初始化
    qreal   t=0,y1,y2,intv=0.1;
    qreal   rd;
    int cnt=100;
    for(int i=0;i<cnt;i++)
    {
        rd=(qrand() % 10)-5; //随机数,-5~+5
        y1=qSin(t)+rd/50;
        *series0<<QPointF(t,y1);  //序列添加数据点
//        series0->append(t,y1);  //序列添加数据点

        rd=(qrand() % 10)-5; //随机数,-5~+5
        y2=qCos(t)+rd/50;
//        series1->append(t,y2); //序列添加数据点
        *series1<<QPointF(t,y2); //序列添加数据点

        t+=intv;
    }
}

//从图表更新到界面
void MainWindow::updateFromChart()
{
    //从图表上获取数据更新界面显示
    QChart  *aChart;
    aChart=ui->chartView->chart();  //获取chart
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Refresh_clicked()
{
    prepareData();
}