#1130. Infix Expression【树的遍历】

原题链接

Problem Description：

Given a syntax tree (binary), you are supposed to output the corresponding infix expression, with parentheses reflecting the precedences of the operators.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer $N$ ($\le 20$) which is the total number of nodes in the syntax tree. Then $N$ lines follow, each gives the information of a node (the $i$-th line corresponds to the $i$-th node) in the format:

data left_child right_child

where data is a string of no more than 10 characters, left_child and right_child are the indices of this node’s left and right children, respectively. The nodes are indexed from 1 to $N$. The NULL link is represented by $-1$. The figures 1 and 2 correspond to the samples 1 and 2, respectively.

Output Specification:

For each case, print in a line the infix expression, with parentheses reflecting the precedences of the operators. Note that there must be no extra parentheses for the final expression, as is shown by the samples. There must be no space between any symbols.

Sample Input 1:

8
* 8 7
a -1 -1
* 4 1
+ 2 5
b -1 -1
d -1 -1
- -1 6
c -1 -1

Sample Output 1:

(a+b)*(c*(-d))

Sample Input 2:

8
2.35 -1 -1
* 6 1
- -1 4
% 7 8
+ 2 3
a -1 -1
str -1 -1
871 -1 -1

Sample Output 2:

(a*2.35)+(-(str%871))

Problem Analysis:

中缀表达式树进行中序遍历就可得到表达式，如果需要添加优先级括号的话，只要当前节点不是叶子节点且不是根节点，就可以添加括号。

Code

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <unordered_map>

using namespace std;

const int N = 30;

int n;
unordered_map<int, int> l, r;
string w[N], res;
bool st[N];
int root = 1;

void dfs(int u)
{
    bool flag = false;
    if ((~l[u] || ~r[u]) && u != root)
    {
        res += "(";
        flag = true;
    }
    
    if (~l[u]) dfs(l[u]);
    res += w[u];
    if (~r[u]) dfs(r[u]);

    if (flag) res += ")";
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
    {
        cin >> w[i] >> l[i] >> r[i];
        if (~l[i]) st[l[i]] = true;
        if (~r[i]) st[r[i]] = true;
    }

    while (st[root]) root ++ ;

    dfs(root);
    cout << res << endl;
    return 0;
}