传值与传引用

传引用相比于传值具有以下优点：
1.能够避免拷贝构造函数和临时对象的析构函数的调用开销；

2.能够避免将派生类对象传递给基类形参时产生的切割现象，切割现象会将派生类所具有的特性都切割掉，变成一个简单的基类对象。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base{
	public:
		Base(){}
		virtual void display(){
			cout<<"Base::display()"<<endl;
		}
		Base(const Base& rhy){
			cout<<"Base::Base(const Base& rhy)"<<endl;
		}
		virtual ~Base(){
			cout<<"Base::~Base()"<<endl;
		}
};
class Derived:public Base{
	public:
		Derived():Base(){}
		void display() override{
			cout<<"Derived::display()"<<endl;
		}
		Derived(const Derived& rhy):Base(rhy){
			cout<<"Derived::Derived(const Derived& rhy)"<<endl;
		}
		~Derived(){
			cout<<"Derived::~Derived()"<<endl;
		} 
};
Base function(Base demo){
	demo.display();
	return demo;
}
Base& function2(Base& demo){
	demo.display();
	return demo;
}
int main(){
	Derived derived;
	cout<<"传值下的函数调用与切割现象"<<endl; 
	function(derived);
	cout<<"传引用下的函数调用，无切割现象"<<endl;
	function2(derived);
	system("pause");//观察main函数退出之前的函数调用情况 
}