以下为代码部分
public class InitializeDemo {
private static int k = 1;
private static InitializeDemo t1 = new InitializeDemo("t1");
private static InitializeDemo t2 = new InitializeDemo("t2");
private static int i = print("i");
private static int n = 99;
{
print("初始化块");
j = 100;
}
public InitializeDemo(String str) {
System.out.println((k++) + ":" + str + " i=" + i + " n=" + n);
++i;
++n;
}
static {
print("静态块");
n = 100;
}
private int j = print("j");
public static int print(String str) {
System.out.println((k++) + ":" + str + " i=" + i + " n=" + n);
++n;
return ++i;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
InitializeDemo test = new InitializeDemo("test");
}
}
输出为如下
1:初始化块 i=0 n=0
2:j i=1 n=1
3:t1 i=2 n=2
4:初始化块 i=3 n=3
5:j i=4 n=4
6:t2 i=5 n=5
7:i i=6 n=6
8:静态块 i=7 n=99
9:初始化块 i=8 n=100
10:j i=9 n=101
11:test i=10 n=102
Process finished with exit code 0
首先我们要知道,运行一个类
1.首先初始化静态变量和静态代码块(不管以后谁调用这个对象,只会初始化一次):
静态变量的优先级和静态代码块的优先级是一样的.所以谁在谁前面,谁先初始化.我们一般先写变量,之后再写静态代码块,也就是说先运行静态变量的初始化,之后在运行静态代码块的初始化(这样会避免出错===>java: 非法前向引用),如下
static {
haha=1;//可以赋值
System.out.println(haha);//但是不能输出,会显示==>java: 非法前向引用
}
private static int haha;
2.之后初始化变量和代码块,再之后在初始化构造器:
变量和代码块的优先级是一样的(谁在前,谁先初始化),但优先于构造器的初始化.也就是说,构造器不管在哪里,都是最后被初始化的.因为他们不是静态的,所以他们存在于对象里面,new一个对象就会被初始化一次.
以下是基本数据类型的初始化零值:(来自《深入了解java虚拟机》7.3.3章节中的表7-1)
int | byte | short | long | boolean | float | double | char | reference |
0 | (byte)0 | (short)0 | 0L | false | 0.0f | 0.0d | '\u0000' | null |
那么,上述代码流程示例为
- 首先给k赋值1
- 然后new对象t1
- 先执行初始化块
- 执行private int j = print("j");
- 执行构造器
- 继续new对象t2
- 先执行初始化块
- 执行private int j = print("j");
- 执行构造器
- 执行private static int i = print("i");
- 给n赋值99
- 执行静态块
- 执行main方法
- new对象test
- 先执行初始化块
- 执行private int j = print("j");
- 执行构造器
- new对象test
看懵了是吧,那我们继续往底层深挖
接下来我们根据反编译分析
我们反编译一下该字节码文件,执行代码如下
javap -c InitializeDemo.class
我们会得到如下源码
public class com.heaboy.mvc.InitializeDemo {
public com.heaboy.mvc.InitializeDemo(java.lang.String);
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: ldc #2 // String 初始化块
6: invokestatic #3 // Method print:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
9: pop
10: aload_0
11: bipush 100
13: putfield #4 // Field j:I
16: aload_0
17: ldc #5 // String j
19: invokestatic #3 // Method print:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
22: putfield #4 // Field j:I
25: getstatic #6 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
28: new #7 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
31: dup
32: invokespecial #8 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
35: getstatic #9 // Field k:I
38: dup
39: iconst_1
40: iadd
41: putstatic #9 // Field k:I
44: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
47: ldc #11 // String :
49: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
52: aload_1
53: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
56: ldc #13 // String i=
58: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
61: getstatic #14 // Field i:I
64: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
67: ldc #15 // String n=
69: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
72: getstatic #16 // Field n:I
75: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
78: invokevirtual #17 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
81: invokevirtual #18 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
84: getstatic #14 // Field i:I
87: iconst_1
88: iadd
89: putstatic #14 // Field i:I
92: getstatic #16 // Field n:I
95: iconst_1
96: iadd
97: putstatic #16 // Field n:I
100: return
public static int print(java.lang.String);
Code:
0: getstatic #6 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: new #7 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
6: dup
7: invokespecial #8 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
10: getstatic #9 // Field k:I
13: dup
14: iconst_1
15: iadd
16: putstatic #9 // Field k:I
19: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
22: ldc #11 // String :
24: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
27: aload_0
28: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
31: ldc #13 // String i=
33: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
36: getstatic #14 // Field i:I
39: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
42: ldc #15 // String n=
44: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
47: getstatic #16 // Field n:I
50: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
53: invokevirtual #17 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
56: invokevirtual #18 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
59: getstatic #16 // Field n:I
62: iconst_1
63: iadd
64: putstatic #16 // Field n:I
67: getstatic #14 // Field i:I
70: iconst_1
71: iadd
72: dup
73: putstatic #14 // Field i:I
76: ireturn
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
Code:
0: new #19 // class com/heaboy/mvc/InitializeDemo
3: dup
4: ldc #20 // String test
6: invokespecial #21 // Method "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
9: astore_1
10: return
static {};
Code:
0: iconst_1
1: putstatic #9 // Field k:I
4: new #19 // class com/heaboy/mvc/InitializeDemo
7: dup
8: ldc #22 // String t1
10: invokespecial #21 // Method "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
13: putstatic #23 // Field t1:Lcom/heaboy/mvc/InitializeDemo;
16: new #19 // class com/heaboy/mvc/InitializeDemo
19: dup
20: ldc #24 // String t2
22: invokespecial #21 // Method "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
25: putstatic #25 // Field t2:Lcom/heaboy/mvc/InitializeDemo;
28: ldc #26 // String i
30: invokestatic #3 // Method print:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
33: putstatic #14 // Field i:I
36: bipush 99
38: putstatic #16 // Field n:I
41: ldc #27 // String 静态块
43: invokestatic #3 // Method print:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
46: pop
47: bipush 100
49: putstatic #16 // Field n:I
52: return
从上可以看出:
我们首先运行的是static静态修饰的变量代码块,然后是主方法,之后是非静态变量和非静态代码块和构造器
private static int k = 1;// Field k:I
private static InitializeDemo t1 = new InitializeDemo("t1"); // String t1, Method "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
private static InitializeDemo t2 = new InitializeDemo("t2"); // String t2, Method "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
private static int i = print("i");// String i, Method print:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
private static int n = 99;// Field n:I
static {// String 静态块
print("静态块");
n = 100;
}
public static int print(String str) {// Method print:(Ljava/lang/String;)I,被调用的时候使用
System.out.println((k++) + ":" + str + " i=" + i + " n=" + n);
++n;
return ++i;
}
之后是main方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
InitializeDemo test = new InitializeDemo("test");
}
程序到此结束