初学hibernate有感

从今年暑假开始初学JAVA，到今天学完hibernate，感觉发现了自己的兴趣所在。跟大家分享一些在学hibernate中遇到的问题以及解决方法、感悟希望能够有所帮助。

为什么要学hibernate？hibernate是一款轻量级的框架，现在挺多人说hibernate框架不好，我在使用的过程中也遇到了一些问题确实也同意他们说的低效、文件多（xml成为解决一些问题的方式使得文件增加，造成代码以外的问题变多，遇到的时候很烦躁）等等问题。但是一门框架能够成为主流或者说曾经的主流一定有其优势：对JDBC进行封装，不用考虑太多的SQL等等。为什么要学hibernate（有个传送门，说的还可以）。谈谈正事，这个才是应该关心。下面讲讲我遇到的一些问题，当时自己找帖子解决的时候，有一些找到了，一些是自己摸索的。

1.大概问题就是因为我修改了类属性需要更改配置信息（虽然只要加几行，但是自动生成点几下更快，就是懒。）然后删除以后按照自动生成的过程操作就死活进行不不下去，点击finish死活没反应点击next又出现这种 弹框；错误信息为：

 An error has occurred. See error log for more details.
Unable to create requested service [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment]

解决方法：不是你的锅！代码复制一下新建个工程就好了，eclipse自己的问题。

 

2.*hbm.xml文件找不到

org.hibernate.MappingNotFoundException: resource: students.hbm.xml not found
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.addResource(Configuration.java:738)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.parseMappingElement(Configuration.java:2188)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.parseSessionFactory(Configuration.java:2160)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.doConfigure(Configuration.java:2140)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.doConfigure(Configuration.java:2093)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.configure(Configuration.java:2008)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.configure(Configuration.java:1987)
at text.text.Init(text.java:51)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:30)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)


java.lang.NullPointerException
at text.text.destory(text.java:62)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:36)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

解决方法：讲*hbm.xml放置到src文件夹下即可，主要是文件路径问题。

3.类与属性查找不到

org.hibernate.InvalidMappingException: Could not parse mapping document from resource students.hbm.xml
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration$MetadataSourceQueue.processHbmXml(Configuration.java:3507)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration$MetadataSourceQueue.processHbmXmlQueue(Configuration.java:3496)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration$MetadataSourceQueue.processMetadata(Configuration.java:3484)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1376)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1777)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1861)
at text.text.Init(text.java:53)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:30)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: class Address not found while looking for property: postcode
at org.hibernate.internal.util.ReflectHelper.reflectedPropertyClass(ReflectHelper.java:232)
at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.setTypeUsingReflection(SimpleValue.java:324)
at org.hibernate.cfg.HbmBinder.createProperty(HbmBinder.java:2315)
at org.hibernate.cfg.HbmBinder.bindComponent(HbmBinder.java:2022)
at org.hibernate.cfg.HbmBinder.createClassProperties(HbmBinder.java:2219)
at org.hibernate.cfg.HbmBinder.createClassProperties(HbmBinder.java:2169)
at org.hibernate.cfg.HbmBinder.bindRootPersistentClassCommonValues(HbmBinder.java:408)
at org.hibernate.cfg.HbmBinder.bindRootClass(HbmBinder.java:323)
at org.hibernate.cfg.HbmBinder.bindRoot(HbmBinder.java:174)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration$MetadataSourceQueue.processHbmXml(Configuration.java:3504)
... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Address
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)
at org.hibernate.internal.util.ReflectHelper.classForName(ReflectHelper.java:192)
at org.hibernate.internal.util.ReflectHelper.reflectedPropertyClass(ReflectHelper.java:228)
... 39 more


java.lang.NullPointerException
at text.text.destory(text.java:62)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:36)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

解决方法：还是路径问题，对查找不到的类进行修改即可。需要在类前面加上相应的包名

文件结构：

修改前：

修改后：

这样就可以解决了，要是有什么问题的话可以私信我哈。一点微小的贡献希望可以帮到你。

关于hibernate一点知识总结

1.由于对JDBC进行了很好的封装，所以使用起来比较方便不用自己设置SQL语言，但与此同时来了的也是调优有限，性能有局限。

2.在表存在关联时要注意，inverse（反转） 和 cascade（级联）的使用，可以起到性能调优的作用。

3.manytoone可以在hbm.xml中使用many-to-one来实现

4.onetomany可以在hbm.xml中使用set来实现

6.双方建立双向关系时，inverse属性为true一方进行主要维护降低维护成本，提升性能。

7.cascade为级联操作，初始值为none.设置为save-update时在保存和跟新时进行级联操作，设置为delete在删除时进行级联操作，设置为all时任何情况都进行级联操作。

意为当students进行save-update时，表grade进行同样的操作。

意为当grade进行delete时，student中与之关联的对象也进行delete操作。

小白求关注，互相学习。