The case for the reduced Instruction Set computer读后感

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-27 08:26:19 发布

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文章标签：计算机设计结构

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ggsimida2016/article/details/64949217

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文章探讨了计算机体系结构的目标，指出CISC（复杂指令集计算机）由于复杂性增加的原因，如存储速度与CPU处理速度失衡、微代码使用和向上兼容性需求，逐渐成为主流。然而，作者认为RISC（精简指令集计算机）在实现的灵活性、设计时间和速度方面更具优势。随着超大规模集成电路的发展，RISC成为未来可能的趋势，尤其是在支持高级语言和VLSI技术进步方面。

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The case for the reduced Instruction Set computer读后感

计算机体系结构的目标

One of the primary goals of computer architexts is to design computers that are more cost-effective than their predecessors.

计算机体系结构设计的目标就是保证比之前的产品具有更高的成本效益。成本效益包括用于制造计算机的硬件成本、软件花费、在初始硬件和随后程序调试及测试所需的费用。在过去计算机发展的历史中，CISC是一种趋势。但本文认为CISC是弊大于利的，RISC才是下一代超大规模集成电路更好的解决方案。

复杂性增加的原因

存储的速度vsCPU处理速度

John Cocke says that the complexity began with the transition from the 701 to the709.The 701 CPU was about ten times as fast as the core main memory;this made any primitives that were implements as subroutines much slower than primitives that were instructions.

可以看出由于701CPU速度与核心主存储器速度差异，导致了用子程序实现的原语要比指令实现的原语慢的多。而在709中由于复杂度的提高进而实现了成本效益的提高。由此我们可以直到CISC趋势源于CPU与存储器速度的失衡。

微代码和大规模集成电路

Microprogrammed control allows the implementation of complex architectures more cost-effectively than hardwired control.Advances in integrated circuit memories made in the late 60’s and early 70’s have caused microprogrammed control to be the more cost-effective approach in almost every case.

集成电路技术的使得在大多数情况下微程序控制成为了最经济的方式，而这种解决方案把指令集的拓展成本降低到极致。同时技术的发展导致了传统的子程序方式在计算机体系架构中被广泛应用。而子程序的应用广泛则需要依靠CISC来提升性能。这一点在存储的速度vsCPU处理速度有说明。

代码密度

With early computers, memory was very expensive. It was therefore cost-effective to have very compact programs. Complex instruction sets are often heralded for their “sup- posed” code compaction. Attem