mysql 主从复制和主主复制配置
按照单机模式去部署。
在安装时,可能会遇到报错:
启动mysql 报错
[mysqladmin@dg2 ~]$ mysql
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法
yum reinstall mysql-libs -y
在此之前我们必须要保证每台MySQL服务器里的数据同步。
数据同步我们可以通过MySQL内部配置就可以轻松完成,主要有主从复制和主主复制。
两台linux虚拟主机
Linux版本CentOS6.6、MySQL 5.5
ip:192.168.4.11、192.168.4.12
主主复制即在两台MySQL主机内都可以变更数据,而且另外一台主机也会做出相应的变更。
就是将两个主从复制有机合并起来就好了。
只不过在配置的时候我们需要注意一些问题,例如,主键重复,server-id不能重复等等。
--------------192.168.4.11--------------
#新增的配置
#server-id = 11
#log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
replicate-do-db=aa
--------------192.168.4.12--------------
#新增的配置
#server-id = 12
#log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=2
replicate-do-db=aa
============先构建主从,主11 从12 ===============
第一步:
在192.168.4.11中创建一个192.168.4.12主机中可以登录的MySQL用户【在2台上都要建】
用户:mysql12
密码:mysql12
CREATE USER mysql12 IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql12';
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysql12'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql12';
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
第二步:
查看192.168.4.11 MySQL服务器二进制文件名与位置
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 589 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第三步:
告知二进制文件名与位置
在192.168.4.12中执行:
CREATE USER mysql12 IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql12';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysql12'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql12';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.4.11',
MASTER_USER='mysql12',
MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql12',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
MASTER_LOG_POS=589;
结果:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.4.11',
-> MASTER_USER='mysql12',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql12',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=589;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.58 sec)
完成主从复制配置
测试主从复制
在192.168.4.12中
mysql> start slave; #开启复制
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G; #查看主从复制是否配置成功
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.4.11
Master_User: mysql12
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 589
Relay_Log_File: hostname-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
====192.168.4.11上
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
mysql> create database aa;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> use aa;
Database changed
mysql> create table tab1(id int,name varchar(10),primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.43 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| aa |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_aa |
+--------------+
| tab1 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> create database ab;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use ab;
mysql> create table t1 (id int, name varchar(10),address varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values (1,'wxk','NJ');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
======192.168.4.12上
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| aa |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use aa;
Database changed
mysql> show tables ;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_aa |
+--------------+
| tab1 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| aa |
| ab |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use ab;
Database changed
mysql> show tables ;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_ab |
+--------------+
| t1 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+---------+
| 1 | wxk | NJ |
+------+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
============上面是主从复制+测试, 下面是主主复制+测试,主主复制接着主从复制================
因为主主复制是两个主从复制组合一起,所以我就接着上面主从复制接着配置。
第一步:
在192.168.95.12中创建一个192.168.95.11主机中可以登录的MySQL用户【在2台上都要建】
用户:mysql11
密码:mysql11
CREATE USER mysql11 IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql11';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysql11'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql11';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
第二步:
在192.168.95.12查看二进制日志名和位置
mysql> show master status ;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000005 | 1012 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第三步:
告知二进制文件名与位置
在192.168.95.11中执行:
CREATE USER mysql11 IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql11';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysql11'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql11';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.4.12',
MASTER_USER='mysql11',
MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql11',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005',
MASTER_LOG_POS=1012;
完成主主复制配置
测试主主复制
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
#操作时,在11上发现,Slave_IO_Running: Connecting 是有问题的!!!
#一般有两个原因
#1. 网络原因:在从库上拷贝主库上的备份文件的时候并没有出现任何的错误,因此可以排除。
#2. POS 不对:这个我也可以排除,因为在主库上 show maste status 时我记录过了 POS,所以也将这个原因排除了。
#经过排查发现,是在配置11的时候,把mysql11写成了mysql1 导致用户名密码错误。
#先停止 stop slave; 重新刷入配置,然后启动 start slave slave;
#结果正常!
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 192.168.4.12
Master_User: mysql1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1012
Relay_Log_File: hostname-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
测试:
============12上创建测试数据:
mysql> create database ac;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| aa |
| ab |
| ac |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use ac;
Database changed
mysql> create table t2 (id int ,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into t2 values (1,'panda');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
============在11上检查
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| aa |
| ab |
| ac |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use ac;
Database changed
mysql> show tables ;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_ac |
+--------------+
| t2 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | panda |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意事项
1、主主复制配置文件中auto_increment_increment和auto_increment_offset只能保证主键不重复,却不能保证主键有序。
2、当配置完成Slave_IO_Running、Slave_SQL_Running不全为YES时,show slave status\G信息中有错误提示,可根据错误提示进行更正。
3、Slave_IO_Running、Slave_SQL_Running不全为YES时,大多数问题都是数据不统一导致。
常见出错点:
1、两台数据库都存在db数据库,而第一台MySQL db中有tab1,第二台MySQL db中没有tab1,那肯定不能成功。
2、已经获取了数据的二进制日志名和位置,又进行了数据操作,导致POS发生变更。在配置CHANGE MASTER时还是用到之前的POS。
3、stop slave后,数据变更,再start slave。出错。
终极更正法:
1、配置锁定,导出所有库
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
系统命令行--导出所有库
mysqldump -uroot -ppassword --all-databases > all.sql
传到备库上,/user/local/mysql 目录下($MYSQL_BASE)
2 导入所有库
mysql命令行
mysql>source all.sql;
3、重新执行一遍CHANGE MASTER就好了。
3.1 第一台上执行 mysql> show master status ;
3.2 第二台上执行
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.4.12',
MASTER_USER='mysql11',
MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql11',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005', //修改
MASTER_LOG_POS=1012; //修改
4、解锁
把第一个界面关闭即可,或者输入
mysql> unlock tables。
=================
测试结果:
所有在 mysql 界面的操作都会在两端执行,包括ddl ,dml。
主键的坑要继续看!!!!