socket实现客户端与服务器通信（tcp通信）

1.网络套接字函数

• int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
  • 创建套接字
    • domain
      • ipv4 af_inet
    • type
      • tcp-流式协议
      • udp-报式协议
    • protocol
      • 0
    • 返回值：文件描述符
• int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
  • 将本地IP和端口号与创建出的套接字进行绑定
  • 参数
    • sockfd-创建出的文件描述符
    • addr-IP和端口号
    • addrlen-addr结构体长度
• int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
  • ​​​​​​​设置同时连接到服务器的客户端的个数
  • 参数

    • sockfd - socket函数创建出来的文件描述符

    • backlog-允许同时连接到服务器客户端的个数

• int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
  • ​​​​​​​阻塞等待客户端连接请求, 并接受连接
  • 参数：
    • sockfd-文件描述符, 使用socket创建出的文件描述符
    • addr-存储客户端的端口和IP, 传出参数
    • addrlen-传入传出参数
  • 返回值
    • ​​​​​​​返回的是一个套接字, 对应客户端。服务器端与客户端进程通信使用accept的返回值对应的套接字
• int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
  • sockfd: 套接字
  • addr: 服务器端的IP和端口
  • addrlen: 第二个参数的长度

2.套接字的结构

3.tcp通信流程

 

服务器端 - 2个文件描述符

• 监听 - socket
• 通信 - accept的返回值
  • read
  • write

 

4.代码示例

wrap.h(为一些函数的声明)

 

#ifdef __WRAP_H_
#define __WRAP_H_

void perr_exit(const char* s);
int Accept(int fd, struct socketaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr);
int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Listen(int fd, int backlog);
int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol);
ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
int Close(int fd);
ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t Writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t my_read(int fd, char *ptr);
ssize_t Readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen);

#endif

wrap.c (wrap.h中函数的实现)

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

void perr_exit(const char* s)
{
	perror(s);
	exit(-1);
}

int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr)
{
	int n;
	again:
		if ((n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0)
		{
			if ((errno == ECONNABORTED) 
			|| (errno == EINTR))
			{
				goto again;
			}
			else
			{
				perr_exit("accept error");
			}
		}
	return n;
}

int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr* sa, socklen_t salen)
{
	int n = bind(fd, sa, salen);
	if (n < 0)
	{
		perr_exit("bind error");
	}
	return n;
}

int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr* sa, socklen_t salen)
{
	int n = connect(fd, sa, salen);
	if (n < 0)
	{
		perr_exit("connect error");
	}
	return n;
}

int Listen(int fd, int backlog)
{
	int n = listen(fd, backlog);
	if (n < 0)
	{
		perr_exit("listen error");
	}
	return n;
}

int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol)
{
	int n = socket(family, type, protocol);
	if (n < 0)
	{
		perr_exit("socket error");
	}
	return n;
}

ssize_t Read(int fd, void* ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t n;
	again:
		n = read(fd, ptr, nbytes);
		if (n == -1)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
			{
				goto again;
			}
			else
			{
				return -1;
			}
		}
	return n;

}

ssize_t Write(int fd, const void* ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t n;
	again:
		n = write(fd, ptr, nbytes);
		if (n == -1)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
			{
				goto again;
			}
			else
			{
				return -1;
			}
		}
	return n;
}

int Close(int fd)
{
	int n;
	n = close(fd);
	if (n == -1)
	{
		perr_exit("close error");
	}
	return n;
}

ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n)
{
	size_t nleft;
	ssize_t nread;
	char *ptr;
	ptr = vptr;
	nleft = n;
	while (nleft > 0)
	{
		nread = read(fd, ptr, nleft);
		if (nread < 0)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
			{
				nread = 0;
			}
			else
			{
				return -1;
			}
		}
		else if (nread == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		nleft -= nread;
		ptr += nread;
	}
	return n - nleft;
}


ssize_t Writen(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n)
{
	size_t nleft;
	ssize_t nwrite;
	char *ptr;
	ptr = vptr;
	nleft = n;
	while (nleft > 0)
	{
		nwrite = read(fd, ptr, nleft);
		if (nwrite < 0)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
			{
				nwrite = 0;
			}
			else
			{
				return -1;
			}
		}
		else if (nwrite == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		nleft -= nwrite;
		ptr += nwrite;
	}
	return n;
}

static ssize_t my_read(int fd, char* ptr)
{
	static int read_cnt;
	static char* read_ptr;
	static char read_buf[100];
	if (read_cnt <= 0)
	{
		again:
			if ((read_cnt = read(fd, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf))) < 0)
			{
				if (errno == EINTR)
				{
					goto again;
				}
				else
				{
					return -1;
				}
			}
			else if (read_cnt == 0)
			{
				return 0;
			}
			read_ptr = read_buf;
	}
	read_cnt--;
	*ptr = *read_ptr++;
	return 1;
}

ssize_t Readline(int fd, void* vptr, size_t maxlen)
{
	ssize_t n, rc;
	char c, *ptr;
	ptr = vptr;
	for (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++)
	{
		if ((rc = my_read(fd, &c)) == 1)
		{
			*ptr++ = c;
			if (c == '\n')
			{
				break;
			}
		}
		else if (rc == 0)
		{
			*ptr = 0;
			return n - 1;
		}
		else
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	*ptr = 0;
	return n;
}

server.c(服务器代码实现)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include "wrap.h"

#define SERV_PORT 6666

int main()
{
	int sfd, cfd;
	int len, i;
	char buf[BUFSIZ], clie_IP[128];
	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, clie_addr;
	socklen_t clie_addr_len;
	sfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

	bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

	Bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
	Listen(sfd, 2);

	printf("wait for client connect..\n");
	clie_addr_len = sizeof(clie_addr_len);
	cfd = Accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clie_addr, &clie_addr_len);
	printf("cfd = ----%d\n", cfd);
	printf("client IP% %s port:%d\n",inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clie_addr.sin_addr.s_addr, clie_IP, sizeof(clie_IP)), ntohs(clie_addr.sin_port));


	while (1)
	{
		len = Read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
		Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);

		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
		{
			buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
		}
		Write(cfd, buf, len);
	}
	Close(sfd);
	Close(cfd);
	return 0;
}

client.c（客户端代码实现）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include "wrap.h"

#define SERV_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define SERV_PORT 6666

int main()
{
	int sfd, len;
	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];

	sfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	inet_pton(AF_INET, SERV_IP, &serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr);
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

	Connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
	while (1) {
		fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);
		int r = Write(sfd, buf, strlen(buf));
		printf("Write r ============%d\n", r);
		len = Read(sfd, buf,sizeof(buf));
		printf("Read len ===========%d\n", len);
		Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);
	}
	Close(sfd);
	return 0;
}

makefile

src = $(wildcard ./*.c)
obj = $(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(src))

all:server client

server:server.o wrap.o
	gcc server.o wrap.o -o server -Wall
client:client.o wrap.o
	gcc client.o wrap.o -o client -Wall

%.o:%.c
	gcc -c $< -Wall

.PHONY:clean all
clean:
	-rm -rf server client $(obj)

5.运行结果

先启动服务器

再启动客户端，并在客户端处输入一个字符串

 

可以看出客户端连接上服务器之后，向服务器发送了字符串hansy，服务器接收到后打印在终端上，并将这个字符串大写后发回给客户端，客户端接收到发回的字符串后将其打印到终端上