目的:
在广度优先算法上进行进化。一致代价搜索算法每次扩展的是当前路径消耗g(n)最小的节点n。
源码:
数据结构:
- frontier : 边缘,存储未扩展的节点。通过维护一个优先级队列,按路径损耗来排列。
- explored :探索集,保存已访问的节点。
算法流程:
- 如果边缘为空,则返回失败。操作:EMPTY?(frontier)
- 否则从边缘中选择一个叶子节点。操作:POP(frontier)
- 目标测试:通过返回,否则将叶子节点的状态放在探索集
- 遍历叶子节点的所有动作
每个动作产生子节点
如果子节点的状态不在探索集或者边缘,则插入到边缘集合。操作:INSERT(child, frontier)
否则如果边缘集合中如果存在此状态且有更高的路径消耗,则用子节点替代边缘集合中的状态
算法性能分析:
当所有的单步消耗都相等时,一致代价搜索与广度优先搜索类似。在终止条件上,广度优先搜索在找到解时终止,而一致代价搜索会检查目标深度的所有节点,看谁的代价最小。在这种情况下,一致代价搜索在深度d无意义的做了更多工作。
示例代码:(参考http://blog.csdn.net/jdh99)
import pandas as pd
from pandas import Series, DataFrame
# 城市信息:city1 city2 path_cost
_city_info = None
# 按照路径消耗进行排序的FIFO,低路径消耗在前面
_frontier_priority = []
# 节点数据结构
class Node:
def __init__(self, state, parent, action, path_cost):
self.state = state
self.parent = parent
self.action = action
self.path_cost = path_cost
def main():
global _city_info
import_city_info()
while True:
src_city = input('input src city\n')
dst_city = input('input dst city\n')
# result = breadth_first_search(src_city, dst_city)
result = uniform_cost_search(src_city, dst_city)
if not result:
print('from city: %s to city %s search failure' % (src_city, dst_city))
else:
print('from city: %s to city %s search success' % (src_city, dst_city))
path = []
while True:
path.append(result.state)
if result.parent is None:
break
result = result.parent
size = len(path)
for i in range(size):
if i < size - 1:
print('%s->' % path.pop(), end='')
else:
print(path.pop())
def import_city_info():
global _city_info
data = [{'city1': 'Oradea', 'city2': 'Zerind', 'path_cost': 71},
{'city1': 'Oradea', 'city2': 'Sibiu', 'path_cost': 151},
{'city1': 'Zerind', 'city2': 'Arad', 'path_cost': 75},
{'city1': 'Arad', 'city2': 'Sibiu', 'path_cost': 140},
{'city1': 'Arad', 'city2': 'Timisoara', 'path_cost': 118},
{'city1': 'Timisoara', 'city2': 'Lugoj', 'path_cost': 111},
{'city1': 'Lugoj', 'city2': 'Mehadia', 'path_cost': 70},
{'city1': 'Mehadia', 'city2': 'Drobeta', 'path_cost': 75},
{'city1': 'Drobeta', 'city2': 'Craiova', 'path_cost': 120},
{'city1': 'Sibiu', 'city2': 'Fagaras', 'path_cost': 99},
{'city1': 'Sibiu', 'city2': 'Rimnicu Vilcea', 'path_cost': 80},
{'city1': 'Rimnicu Vilcea', 'city2': 'Craiova', 'path_cost': 146},
{'city1': 'Rimnicu Vilcea', 'city2': 'Pitesti', 'path_cost': 97},
{'city1': 'Craiova', 'city2': 'Pitesti', 'path_cost': 138},
{'city1': 'Fagaras', 'city2': 'Bucharest', 'path_cost': 211},
{'city1': 'Pitesti', 'city2': 'Bucharest', 'path_cost': 101},
{'city1': 'Bucharest', 'city2': 'Giurgiu', 'path_cost': 90},
{'city1': 'Bucharest', 'city2': 'Urziceni', 'path_cost': 85},
{'city1': 'Urziceni', 'city2': 'Vaslui', 'path_cost': 142},
{'city1': 'Urziceni', 'city2': 'Hirsova', 'path_cost': 98},
{'city1': 'Neamt', 'city2': 'Iasi', 'path_cost': 87},
{'city1': 'Iasi', 'city2': 'Vaslui', 'path_cost': 92},
{'city1': 'Hirsova', 'city2': 'Eforie', 'path_cost': 86}]
_city_info = DataFrame(data, columns=['city1', 'city2', 'path_cost'])
# print(_city_info)
'''
def breadth_first_search(src_state, dst_state):
global _city_info
node = Node(src_state, None, None, 0)
frontier = [node]
explored = []
while True:
if len(frontier) == 0:
return False
node = frontier.pop(0)
explored.append(node.state)
# 目标测试
if node.state == dst_state:
return node
if node.parent is not None:
print('deal node:state:%s\tparent state:%s\tpath cost:%d' % (node.state, node.parent.state, node.path_cost))
else:
print('deal node:state:%s\tparent state:%s\tpath cost:%d' % (node.state, None, node.path_cost))
# 遍历子节点
for i in range(len(_city_info)):
dst_city = ''
if _city_info['city1'][i] == node.state:
dst_city = _city_info['city2'][i]
elif _city_info['city2'][i] == node.state:
dst_city = _city_info['city1'][i]
if dst_city == '':
continue
child = Node(dst_city, node, 'go', node.path_cost + _city_info['path_cost'][i])
print('\tchild node:state:%s path cost:%d' % (child.state, child.path_cost))
if child.state not in explored and not is_node_in_frontier(frontier, child):
frontier.append(child)
print('\t\t add child to child')
'''
def is_node_in_frontier(frontier, node):
for x in frontier:
if node.state == x.state:
return True
return False
def uniform_cost_search(src_state, dst_state):
global _city_info, _frontier_priority
node = Node(src_state, None, None, 0)
frontier_priority_add(node)
explored = []
while True:
if len(_frontier_priority) == 0:
return False
node = _frontier_priority.pop(0)
explored.append(node.state)
# 目标测试
if node.state == dst_state:
print('\t this node is goal!')
return node
if node.parent is not None:
print('deal node:state:%s\tparent state:%s\tpath cost:%d' % (node.state, node.parent.state, node.path_cost))
else:
print('deal node:state:%s\tparent state:%s\tpath cost:%d' % (node.state, None, node.path_cost))
# 遍历子节点
for i in range(len(_city_info)):
dst_city = ''
if _city_info['city1'][i] == node.state:
dst_city = _city_info['city2'][i]
elif _city_info['city2'][i] == node.state:
dst_city = _city_info['city1'][i]
if dst_city == '':
continue
child = Node(dst_city, node, 'go', node.path_cost + _city_info['path_cost'][i])
print('\tchild node:state:%s path cost:%d' % (child.state, child.path_cost))
if child.state not in explored and not is_node_in_frontier(_frontier_priority, child):
frontier_priority_add(child)
print('\t\t add child to frontier')
elif is_node_in_frontier(_frontier_priority, child):
# 替代为路径消耗少的节点
frontier_priority_replace_by_priority(child)
def frontier_priority_add(node):
"""
:param Node node:
:return:
"""
global _frontier_priority
size = len(_frontier_priority)
for i in range(size):
#如果新加入的节点存在阈值较小的情况,插入队列
if node.path_cost < _frontier_priority[i].path_cost:
_frontier_priority.insert(i, node)
return
#否则,新添加的节点比优先级队列中现有的节点阈值都大,直接添加到队列末尾
_frontier_priority.append(node)
def frontier_priority_replace_by_priority(node):
"""
:param Node node:
:return:
"""
global _frontier_priority
size = len(_frontier_priority)
for i in range(size):
if _frontier_priority[i].state == node.state and _frontier_priority[i].path_cost > node.path_cost:
print('\t\t replace state: %s old cost:%d new cost:%d' % (node.state,_frontier_priority[i].path_cost,node.path_cost))
_frontier_priority[i] = node
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()