Introduction

2.1. Introduction

This chapter provides an overview of how to use SQL to perform simple operations. This tutorial is only intended to give you an introduction and is in no way a complete tutorial on SQL. Numerous books have been written on SQL, including [melt93] and [date97]. You should be aware that some PostgreSQL language features are extensions to the standard.

 

In the examples that follow, we assume that you have created a database named mydb, as described in the previous chapter, and have been able to start psql.

 

Examples in this manual can also be found in the PostgreSQL source distribution in the directory src/tutorial/. (Binary distributions of PostgreSQL might not compile these files.) To use those files, first change to that directory and run make:

$ cd ..../src/tutorial

$ make

This creates the scripts and compiles the C files containing user-defined functions and types. Then, to start the tutorial, do the following:

$ cd ..../tutorial

$ psql -s mydb

...

mydb=> \i basics.sql

The \i command reads in commands from the specified file. psql's -s option puts you in single step mode which pauses before sending each statement to the server. The commands used in this section are in the file basics.sql.

 

2.1 简介

本章对SQL的简单使用进行了简单的介绍。本文档是对SQL用法的简单介绍，并没有深入的去探究。专门写SQL相关的书有一堆，例如 SQL Reference Books中的[melt93]和[date97]。当然，PostgreSQL的SQL语言相对于SQL标准有了一些扩展。

 

在接下来的示例中，我们假设你已经创建了一个名为mydb的数据库，且可以启动psql。

 

手册中的示例，也可以在PostgreSQL源码发行版的src/tutorial/路径下找到。（二进制发行版可能没有包含这些文件。）要使用这些文件，首先切换到该路径下，然后运行make：

$ cd ..../src/tutorial

$ make

这将创建脚本并编译包含用户自定义函数和类型的C文件。要使用这些文件，执行以下操作：

$ cd ..../tutorial

$ psql -s mydb

...

mydb=> \i basics.sql

\i命令从指定文件中读取命令到psql中。psql的-s选项使操作进入单步模式，也就是在每次发送语句到服务端时都会暂停一下。本节用到的命令都在basics.sql文件中。