Bean的自动装配(Autowiring)
>No:不做任何操作
>byname:根据属性名自动装配。此选项将检查容器并根据名字查找与属性完全一致的bean,并将其与属性自动装配(如果存在相同的bean,则启动失败,aop不允许有重复的id)
>byType:如果容器中存在一个与指定属性类型相同的bean,那么将于该属性自动装配;如果存在多个该类型的bean,那么抛出异常,并指出不能使用byType方式自动装配;如果没有找到相匹配的bean,则什么事都不发生
>Constructor:与byType方式类似,不同之处在于它应用与构造参数。如果容器中没有找到构造参数类型一致的bean,那么抛出异常
官方文档:
示例:
AutoWiringDAO类:
package com.imooc.autowiring;
public class AutoWiringDAO {
public void say(String word) {
System.out.println("AutoWiringDAO : " + word);
}
}
AutoWiringService类:
package com.imooc.autowiring;
public class AutoWiringService {
private AutoWiringDAO autoWiringDAO;
public AutoWiringService(AutoWiringDAO autoWiringDAO) {
System.out.println("AutoWiringService");
this.autoWiringDAO = autoWiringDAO;
}
public void setAutoWiringDAO(AutoWiringDAO autoWiringDAO) {
System.out.println("setAutoWiringDAO");
this.autoWiringDAO = autoWiringDAO;
}
public void say(String word) {
this.autoWiringDAO.say(word);
}
}
spring-autowiring.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
default-autowire="constructor">
<bean id="autoWiringService" class="com.imooc.autowiring.AutoWiringService" ></bean>
<bean class="com.imooc.autowiring.AutoWiringDAO" ></bean>
</beans>
测试类:
package com.imooc.test.autowiring;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.imooc.autowiring.AutoWiringService;
import com.imooc.test.base.UnitTestBase;
@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestAutoWiring extends UnitTestBase {
public TestAutoWiring() {
super("classpath:spring-autowiring.xml");
}
@Test
public void testSay() {
AutoWiringService service = super.getBean("autoWiringService");
service.say(" this is a test");
}
}
输出结果为:
七月 10, 2018 9:43:13 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@5d22bbb7: startup date [Tue Jul 10 21:43:13 GMT+08:00 2018]; root of context hierarchy
七月 10, 2018 9:43:13 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring-autowiring.xml]
AutoWiringService
AutoWiringDAO : this is a test
七月 10, 2018 9:43:13 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@5d22bbb7: startup date [Tue Jul 10 21:43:13 GMT+08:00 2018]; root of context hierarchy