Day41-HttpServletResponse

Day41-HttpServletResponse

HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象和一个代表响应的HttpServletResponse对象。

• 如果要获取客户请求过来的参数：HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：HttpServletResponse

简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWrinter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1,long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1,long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2); 
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

响应的状态码

    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

下载文件

1. 向浏览器输出消息。
2. 下载文件
   1. 要获取下载文件的路径
   2. 下载的文件名是啥
   3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
   4. 获取下载文件的输入流
   5. 创建缓冲区
   6. 获取OutputStream对象
   7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
   8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端。

案列

package com.xz.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

/**
 * @author 小龚
 * @create 2022-08-31 11:25
 */
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        1. 要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "D:\\code\\javaweb-03-maven\\response\\target\\classes\\游戏图标.png";
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径："+realPath);
//        2. 下载的文件名是啥
        String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
//        3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名需要URLEncoder.encode编码，否则有可能乱码
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8"));
//        4. 获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//        5. 创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//        6. 获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//        7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
//        8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端。
        while((len=in.read(buffer))!=-1){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
//        9.关闭流
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xz.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

验证码功能

验证码怎么来的？

• 前端实现（js）
• 后端实现，需要用到java的图片类，生产一个图片

案例（每过3秒，刷新一次验证码）

package com.xz.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * @author 小龚
 * @create 2022-08-31 18:33
 */
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//一支笔
        //设置图片背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);//填充颜色为白色
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);//填充的坐标
        //给图片写入数据
        g.setColor(Color.black);//写数据的颜色为黑色
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));//设置写入的字体，Font.BOLD粗体
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的形式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");//设置缓存控制为不缓存
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }
    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999)+"";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length(); i++) {
            sb.append("0");//遍历，然后不足的位数用0填充
        }
        num = sb.toString()+num;//转换类型
        return num;
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xz.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/img</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试

实现重定向

一个web资源收到客户端请求后，他会通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源，这个过程叫做重定向。

常见场景：

• 用户登录

void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException

package com.xz.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author 小龚
 * @create 2022-08-31 20:37
 */
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
        resp.setHeader("Location","/response_war/img");
        resp.setStatus(302);
        */
        resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/img");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xz.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试

面试题：请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别？

相同点：

• 页面都会跳转

不同点：

• 请求转发的时候，url不会发生变化
• 重定向时候，url地址栏会发生变化（变到转到的地址）

用户登录提交

package com.xz.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author 小龚
 * @create 2022-08-31 22:12
 */
public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        //重定向,一定要注意路径问题，否则就会404
        resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/success.jsp");
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

index.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--这里提交的路径，需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}这个代表当前项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>SUCCESS</h1>
</body>
</html>

web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xz.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试

重定向