ubuntu22.04 mysql 移动数据目录后 systemctl start mysql无法启动的解决方案

ubuntu22.04 mysql 移动数据目录后 systemctl start mysql无法启动的解决方案

默认安装的数据目录在/var/lib/mysql下

我把它移到了/data/mysql/data下，修改mysql数据文件夹

root@iZbp:~# nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
  GNU nano 6.2                                                /etc/mysql/my.cnf                                                         
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
# 
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql/data

执行 systemctl start mysql如下所示：

root@iZbp:~# systemctl start mysql
Job for mysql.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mysql.service" and "journalctl -xeu mysql.service" for details.
root@iZbp:~# journalctl -xeu mysql.service            
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ The unit mysql.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'.
Aug 12 16:58:21 iZbp systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.
░░ Subject: A start job for unit mysql.service has failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ A start job for unit mysql.service has finished with a failure.
░░ 
░░ The job identifier is 7805 and the job result is failed.
Aug 12 16:58:21 iZbp systemd[1]: mysql.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5.
░░ Subject: Automatic restarting of a unit has been scheduled
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ Automatic restarting of the unit mysql.service has been scheduled, as the result for
░░ the configured Restart= setting for the unit.
Aug 12 16:58:21 iZbp systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server.
░░ Subject: A stop job for unit mysql.service has finished
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ A stop job for unit mysql.service has finished.
░░ 
░░ The job identifier is 7897 and the job result is done.
Aug 12 16:58:21 iZbp systemd[1]: mysql.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Aug 12 16:58:21 iZbp systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
░░ Subject: Unit failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ The unit mysql.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'.
Aug 12 16:58:21 iZbp systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.
░░ Subject: A start job for unit mysql.service has failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ A start job for unit mysql.service has finished with a failure.
░░ 
░░ The job identifier is 7897 and the job result is failed.
Aug 12 16:58:28 iZbp systemd[1]: mysql.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Aug 12 16:58:28 iZbp systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
░░ Subject: Unit failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ The unit mysql.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'.
Aug 12 16:58:28 iZbp systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.
░░ Subject: A start job for unit mysql.service has failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ A start job for unit mysql.service has finished with a failure.
░░ 
░░ The job identifier is 7990 and the job result is failed.

其中 /data/mysql/data已chown -R mysql:mysql了，还是不行

最终找到的原因和解决方法
/etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld文件有对权限的控制，需要修改相关项，如下所示

root@iZbp:~# sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld
# vim:syntax=apparmor
# Last Modified: Tue Feb 09 15:28:30 2016
#include <tunables/global>

/usr/sbin/mysqld {
  #include <abstractions/base>
  #include <abstractions/nameservice>
  #include <abstractions/user-tmp>
  #include <abstractions/mysql>
  #include <abstractions/winbind>

# Allow system resource access
  /proc/*/status r,
  /sys/devices/system/cpu/ r,
  /sys/devices/system/node/ r,
  /sys/devices/system/node/** r,
  capability sys_resource,
  capability dac_override,
  capability dac_read_search,
  capability setuid,
  capability setgid,

# Allow network access
  network tcp,

  /etc/hosts.allow r,
  /etc/hosts.deny r,

# Allow config access
  /etc/mysql/** r,

# Allow pid, socket, socket lock file access
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock.lock rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock.lock rw,
# vim:syntax=apparmor
# Last Modified: Tue Feb 09 15:28:30 2016
#include <tunables/global>

/usr/sbin/mysqld {
  #include <abstractions/base>
  #include <abstractions/nameservice>
  #include <abstractions/user-tmp>
  #include <abstractions/mysql>
  #include <abstractions/winbind>

# Allow system resource access
  /proc/*/status r,
  /sys/devices/system/cpu/ r,
  /sys/devices/system/node/ r,
  /sys/devices/system/node/** r,
  capability sys_resource,
  capability dac_override,
  capability dac_read_search,
  capability setuid,
  capability setgid,

# Allow network access
  network tcp,

  /etc/hosts.allow r,
  /etc/hosts.deny r,

# Allow config access
  /etc/mysql/** r,

# Allow pid, socket, socket lock file access
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock.lock rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock rw,
  /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock.lock rw,
  GNU nano 6.2                                         /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld                                                  
  /run/mysqld/mysqld.pid rw,
  /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock rw,
  /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock.lock rw,
  /run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock rw,
  /run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock.lock rw,

# Allow systemd notify messages
  /{,var/}run/systemd/notify w,

# Allow execution of server binary
  /usr/sbin/mysqld mr,
  /usr/sbin/mysqld-debug mr,

# Allow plugin access
  /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ r,
  /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/*.so* mr,
  /data/mysql/data/plugin/ r,
  /data/mysql/data/plugin/*.so* mr,


# Allow error msg and charset access
  /usr/share/mysql/ r,
  /usr/share/mysql/** r,

# Allow data dir access
  /var/lib/mysql/ r,
  /var/lib/mysql/** rwk,
  /data/mysql/data/ r,
  /data/mysql/data/** rwk,

# Allow data files dir access
  /var/lib/mysql-files/ r,
  /var/lib/mysql-files/** rwk,

# Allow keyring dir access
  /var/lib/mysql-keyring/ r,
  /var/lib/mysql-keyring/** rwk,

# Allow log file access
  /var/log/mysql.err rw,
  /var/log/mysql.log rw,
  /var/log/mysql/ r,
  /var/log/mysql/** rw,

# Allow read access to mecab files
  /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic-utf8/** r,

# Allow read access to OpenSSL config
  /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf r,
  # Site-specific additions and overrides. See local/README for details.
  #include <local/usr.sbin.mysqld>
}

我修改了两项

Allow plugin access

# Allow plugin access
  /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ r,
  /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/*.so* mr,
  /data/mysql/data/plugin/ r,
  /data/mysql/data/plugin/*.so* mr,

Allow data dir access

# Allow data dir access
  /var/lib/mysql/ r,
  /var/lib/mysql/** rwk,
  /data/mysql/data/ r,
  /data/mysql/data/** rwk,

增加新的目标文件的访问权限，Ctrl+O 保存 Ctrl+X退出编辑。

再执行

root@iZbp:~# systemctl stop mysql
root@iZbp:~# systemctl start mysql

正常启动