python离线安装库

本人使用python3.9.7版本。

  1. 一般在国内镜像网站上下载对应的版本,一般都是whl文件。比如Windows环境的包文件一般为:matplotlib-3.5.0b1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl
  2. 直接通过命令:pip install --no-index --find-links=C:\Users\hugaowen\Downloads matplotlib-3.5.0b1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl
  3. 安装过程中如果有依赖库,会提示。把需要的库用同样方法安装就行。
  4. 也可以进行批量离线安装,就是把所有需要安装的库的名称统一放到一个文件中,每个名字占一行。然后使用命令:pip install --no-index --find-links=库文件目录 -r 所有需要安装的库.txt
  5. 具体如下图:
  6.  对于没有管理员权限的用户,有时候会出现权限问题,根据提示操作即可。
  7. pip install 完整说明如下:
  8. Usage:
      pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
      pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
      pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
      pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
      pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...
    
    Description:
      Install packages from:
    
      - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
      - VCS project urls.
      - Local project directories.
      - Local or remote source archives.
    
      pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
      an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.
    
    Install Options:
      -r, --requirement <file>    Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times.
      -c, --constraint <file>     Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used multiple
                                  times.
      --no-deps                   Don't install package dependencies.
      --pre                       Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable
                                  versions.
      -e, --editable <path/url>   Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "develop mode") from a local project
                                  path or a VCS url.
      -t, --target <dir>          Install packages into <dir>. By default this will not replace existing files/folders in
                                  <dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> with new versions.
      --platform <platform>       Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the platform of the running
                                  system. Use this option multiple times to specify multiple platforms supported by the
                                  target interpreter.
      --python-version <python_version>
                                  The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python" compatibility
                                  checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running interpreter. The version can be
                                  specified using up to three dot-separated integers (e.g. "3" for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0,
                                  or "3.7.3"). A major-minor version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37"
                                  for 3.7.0).
      --implementation <implementation>
                                  Only use wheels compatible with Python implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy',
                                  'cp',  or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current interpreter implementation is used.
                                  Use 'py' to force implementation-agnostic wheels.
      --abi <abi>                 Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. If not specified, then
                                  the current interpreter abi tag is used. Use this option multiple times to specify
                                  multiple abis supported by the target interpreter. Generally you will need to specify
                                  --implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using this option.
      --user                      Install to the Python user install directory for your platform. Typically ~/.local/, or
                                  %APPDATA%\Python on Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE for full
                                  details.)
      --root <dir>                Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.
      --prefix <dir>              Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level folders are placed
      --src <dir>                 Directory to check out editable projects into. The default in a virtualenv is "<venv
                                  path>/src". The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".
      -U, --upgrade               Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available version. The handling of
                                  dependencies depends on the upgrade-strategy used.
      --upgrade-strategy <upgrade_strategy>
                                  Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled [default: only-if-needed]. "eager"
                                  - dependencies are upgraded regardless of whether the currently installed version
                                  satisfies the requirements of the upgraded package(s). "only-if-needed" -  are upgraded
                                  only when they do not satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s).
      --force-reinstall           Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.
      -I, --ignore-installed      Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. This can break your system if the
                                  existing package is of a different version or was installed with a different package
                                  manager!
      --ignore-requires-python    Ignore the Requires-Python information.
      --no-build-isolation        Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. Build dependencies
                                  specified by PEP 518 must be already installed if this option is used.
      --use-pep517                Use PEP 517 for building source distributions (use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy
                                  behaviour).
      --install-option <options>  Extra arguments to be supplied to the setup.py install command (use like --install-
                                  option="--install-scripts=/usr/local/bin"). Use multiple --install-option options to
                                  pass multiple options to setup.py install. If you are using an option with a directory
                                  path, be sure to use absolute path.
      --global-option <options>   Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py call before the install or
                                  bdist_wheel command.
      --compile                   Compile Python source files to bytecode
      --no-compile                Do not compile Python source files to bytecode
      --no-warn-script-location   Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH
      --no-warn-conflicts         Do not warn about broken dependencies
      --no-binary <format_control>
                                  Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the
                                  existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all binary packages, ":none:" to empty
                                  the set (notice the colons), or one or more package names with commas between them (no
                                  colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile and may fail to install when this
                                  option is used on them.
      --only-binary <format_control>
                                  Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the
                                  existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty
                                  the set, or one or more package names with commas between them. Packages without binary
                                  distributions will fail to install when this option is used on them.
      --prefer-binary             Prefer older binary packages over newer source packages.
      --require-hashes            Require a hash to check each requirement against, for repeatable installs. This option
                                  is implied when any package in a requirements file has a --hash option.
      --progress-bar <progress_bar>
                                  Specify type of progress to be displayed [off|on|ascii|pretty|emoji] (default: on)
      --no-clean                  Don't clean up build directories.
    
    Package Index Options:
      -i, --index-url <url>       Base URL of the Python Package Index (default https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple).
                                  This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 (the simple repository API) or
                                  a local directory laid out in the same format.
      --extra-index-url <url>     Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to --index-url. Should follow the same
                                  rules as --index-url.
      --no-index                  Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).
      -f, --find-links <url>      If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives such as sdist
                                  (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, then
                                  look for archives in the directory listing. Links to VCS project URLs are not supported.
    
    General Options:
      -h, --help                  Show help.
      --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
      -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
      -V, --version               Show version and exit.
      -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
                                  WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
      --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
      --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
      --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
      --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
      --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
      --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
                                  (a)bort.
      --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any
                                  HTTPS.
      --cert <path>               Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL
                                  Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
      --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
                                  certificate in PEM format.
      --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
      --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
      --disable-pip-version-check
                                  Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
                                  download. Implied with --no-index.
      --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
      --no-python-version-warning
                                  Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
      --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
      --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

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