探索无限可能:斯坦(Stan)——全栈式贝叶斯推理工具

探索无限可能:斯坦(Stan)——全栈式贝叶斯推理工具

stan Stan development repository. The master branch contains the current release. The develop branch contains the latest stable development. See the Developer Process Wiki for details. 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/st/stan

项目介绍

Stan 是一个强大的C++库,致力于提供全面的贝叶斯推断解决方案。它包括了无回头采样器(No-U-Turn Sampler, NUTS)的实现,这是一种基于哈密顿蒙特卡洛(Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, HMC)的方法,以及自动微分变分推断(Automatic Differentiation Variational Inference, ADVI)和利用L-BFGS优化的惩罚最大似然估计(MLE)。Stan的设计理念是让复杂概率模型的建模与推断变得简单易行。

项目技术分析

Stan 的核心在于其自动微分库和矩阵、线性代数及特殊概率函数库。这些库全部基于C++模板重载,使得在处理统计问题时能够高效地进行符号计算和数值运算。此外,它还提供了R、Python、MATLAB、Julia、Stata、Mathematica以及命令行等多种接口,方便不同背景的用户无缝对接。

自动微分库

Stan Math库中的自动微分库是关键组件之一,它允许用户以第一阶和高阶的方式进行微分计算,而无需手动进行导数计算。这一特性大大简化了模型构建过程,并提高了代码的可读性和可靠性。

矩阵和概率函数库

Stan 提供了一个完整的、全模板化的矩阵、线性代数和概率特殊函数库,支持快速准确地进行复杂的数学运算。

应用场景

Stan 广泛应用于:

  1. 社会科学 - 对社会现象的复杂建模,如经济、心理学或教育学等。
  2. 生物医学研究 - 在临床试验、基因组学等领域进行数据分析。
  3. 数据科学 - 预测模型的建立和验证,以及异常检测等任务。
  4. 机器学习 - 在深度学习中作为后端进行概率建模和推理。

项目特点

  1. 多语言接口 - 支持多种编程语言,使得各种环境下的用户都能轻松使用。
  2. 高效采样算法 - NUTS 和 HMC 提供了高效的样本生成,减少了无效采样和梯度计算。
  3. 自动微分 - 减轻了手动计算导数的工作负担,降低了出错的可能性。
  4. 开放源码 - 使用新BSD许可,允许自由使用、修改和分布,且有丰富的社区资源支持。

总之,Stan 是一款集灵活性、效率和便利性于一身的开源统计软件,无论您是学术研究者还是数据科学家,它都将成为您探索复杂概率模型、实现贝叶斯分析的理想选择。想要了解更多关于Stan的信息,请访问官方主页。让我们一起开启精彩的统计之旅!

stan Stan development repository. The master branch contains the current release. The develop branch contains the latest stable development. See the Developer Process Wiki for details. 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/st/stan

一个不错的治具管理系统 namespace MainDepartment { public class MainDepartmentDAL { private string Module_Desc = "Department Maintenance"; SecAuditTrail.SecAuditTrailDAL SecAuditTrailDAL = new SecAuditTrail.SecAuditTrailDAL(); SQLAPI.SQLAPI SQLAPI = new SQLAPI.SQLAPI(); #region Search public DataTable Search(object obj) { string s = ""; try { if (obj is MainDepartment && obj !=null) { MainDepartment obj2 = (MainDepartment)obj; s = " SELECT a.DepId,a.DepCd,a.DepDesc,a.Status,a.CreatedBy,a.CreatedDate,a.UpdatedDate,a.UpdatedBy,b.SiteCd +'-'+ b.SiteDesc as Site" + " FROM CR_Department a with (nolock)" + //" inner join CR_Site b with (nolock) on a.CreatedSite = b.SiteId" + " where a.DepDesc like '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.DepDesc) + "%'" + " and a.DepCd like '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.DepCd) + "%'" + " and a.Status like '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.Status) + "%'" + // " and a.CreatedSite in (" + obj2.CreatedSite + ")" + " order by a.DepCd "; return SQLAPI.ExecuteNonQueryReturnDataTable(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s, null, CommandType.Text); } else { throw new Exception("MainDepartment Object not found!"); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("MainDepartmentDAL.Search : " + ex.Message); } return SQLAPI.ExecuteNonQueryReturnDataTable(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s, null, CommandType.Text); } #endregion #region add public void add(Object obj) { string s = ""; try { if (obj is MainDepartment && obj !=null) { MainDepartment obj2 = (MainDepartment)obj; s = "INSERT INTO CR_Department " + "(DepCd,DepDesc,Status,CreatedBy,CreatedDate,CreatedSite) " + "VALUES(" + "'" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.DepCd) + "'," + "'" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.DepDesc) + "'," + "'A'," + "'" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.CreatedBy) + "'," + " Convert(datetime,getdate(),12) , " + "'" + obj2.CreatedSite + "'" + ")"; SQLAPI.ExecuteNonQuery(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s,null, CommandType.Text); SecAuditTrailDAL.add(Module_Desc, new System.Diagnostics.StackTrace().GetFrame(0).GetMethod().Name.ToString(), obj2.CreatedBy.ToString()); } else { throw new Exception("MainDepartment Object not found!"); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("MainDepartmentDAL.add : " + ex.Message); } } #endregion #region delete public void delete(Object obj) { string s = ""; try { if (obj is MainDepartment && obj !=null) { MainDepartment obj2 = (MainDepartment)obj; s = "Delete from CR_Department where DepId = '" + obj2.DepId + "'"; SQLAPI.ExecuteNonQuery(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s, null, CommandType.Text); SecAuditTrailDAL.add(Module_Desc, new System.Diagnostics.StackTrace().GetFrame(0).GetMethod().Name.ToString(), obj2.UpdatedBy.ToString()); } else { throw new Exception("MainDepartment Object not found!"); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("MainDepartmentDAL.delete : " + ex.Message); } } #endregion #region update public void update(Object obj) { string s = ""; try { if (obj is MainDepartment && obj !=null) { MainDepartment obj2 = (MainDepartment)obj; s = "UPDATE CR_Department SET " + " DepCd = '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.DepCd) + "', " + " DepDesc = '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.DepDesc) + "', " + " Status = '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.Status) + "', " + " UpdatedBy = '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.UpdatedBy) + "', " + " UpdatedDate = Convert(datetime,getdate(),12) " + " where DepId = '" + obj2.DepId + "'"; SQLAPI.ExecuteNonQuery(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s, null, CommandType.Text); SecAuditTrailDAL.add(Module_Desc, new System.Diagnostics.StackTrace().GetFrame(0).GetMethod().Name.ToString(), Convert.ToString(obj2.UpdatedBy)); } else { throw new Exception("MainDepartment Object not found!"); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("MainDepartmentDAL.update : " + ex.Message); } } #endregion #region CheckDuplicate public string CheckDuplicate(object obj) { string s = ""; try { if (obj is MainDepartment && obj !=null) { MainDepartment obj2 = (MainDepartment)obj; s = " select (case when count(*)='0' then 'No' else 'Yes' end) FROM CR_Department with (nolock)" + " where DepCd = '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.DepCd) + "' and CreatedSite = '" + obj2.CreatedSite + "'"; return SQLAPI.ExecuteScalar(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s, null, CommandType.Text); } else { throw new Exception("MainDepartment Object not found!"); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("MainDepartmentDAL.CheckDuplicate : " + ex.Message); } } #endregion #region updateStatus public void updateStatus(Object obj) { string s = ""; try { if (obj is MainDepartment && obj !=null) { MainDepartment obj2 = (MainDepartment)obj; s = "UPDATE CR_Department SET " + " Status ='" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.Status) + "', " + " UpdatedBy = '" + SqlObject.Encode(obj2.UpdatedBy) + "', " + " UpdatedDate = Convert(datetime,getdate(),12) " + " where DepId = '" + obj2.DepId + "'"; SQLAPI.ExecuteNonQuery(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s, null, CommandType.Text); SecAuditTrailDAL.add(Module_Desc, new System.Diagnostics.StackTrace().GetFrame(0).GetMethod().Name.ToString(), obj2.UpdatedBy.ToString()); } else { throw new Exception("MainDepartment Object not found!"); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("MainDepartmentDAL.updateStatus : " + ex.Message); } } #endregion #region DDL public DataTable DDL(object obj) { string s = ""; try { if (obj is MainDepartment && obj !=null) { MainDepartment obj2 = (MainDepartment)obj; s = " SELECT DepId,DepCd+'-'+DepDesc as CdDesc " + " FROM CR_Department with (nolock)" + " where Status='A'" + " and CreatedSite in (" + obj2.CreatedSite + ") order by DepCd asc "; return SQLAPI.ExecuteNonQueryReturnDataTable(SQLAPI.ENCRYPT_CONN_STRING(), s, null, CommandType.Text); } else { throw new Exception("MainDepartment Object not found!"); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("MainDepartmentDAL.DDL : " + ex.Message); } } #endregion } }
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