推荐msgpack-python:高效的数据序列化库

推荐msgpack-python:高效的数据序列化库

项目简介

msgpack-python是一个用于Python语言的MessagePack数据序列化的实现。1

MessagePack是一种高效的二进制序列化格式,可以将任意复杂结构的数据进行序列化和反序列化。相比JSON等文本格式,MessagePack拥有更高的传输效率和存储空间利用率。

msgpack-python提供了简单易用的API,使得开发人员能够轻松地在Python程序中使用MessagePack。该库支持Python 2.6+、3.4+以及PyPy等多种Python环境。

应用场景

msgpack-python可以在以下场景中发挥作用:

  • 数据存储:使用MessagePack序列化后的数据可以直接存入数据库或文件系统,节省存储空间。
  • 网络通信:在网络通信过程中,MessagePack序列化后的数据可以被快速发送和接收,提高传输效率。
  • 消息队列:在分布式系统中的消息队列中,MessagePack可以用于数据序列化,提高系统的整体性能。

特点与优势

msgpack-python具有以下特点和优势:

  1. 高效:MessagePack本身就是一个高效的序列化格式,而msgpack-python在Python中的实现也十分优秀,能够在性能上达到很高的水平。
  2. 易用:msgpack-python提供了简洁明了的API,开发人员可以通过几行代码就完成数据的序列化和反序列化操作。
  3. 兼容性好:msgpack-python支持多种版本的Python,并且可以与其他语言(如C++、Java等)中的MessagePack库无缝对接。

如何使用

要开始使用msgpack-python,首先需要通过pip安装:

pip install msgpack

然后就可以在代码中导入msgpack模块并使用其提供的函数进行数据的序列化和反序列化:

import msgpack

data = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}

# 序列化数据
packed = msgpack.packb(data)
print(packed)  # 输出:b'\x81\xa4name\xa5Alice\x06'

# 反序列化数据
unpacked = msgpack.unpackb(packed)
print(unpacked)  # 输出:{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}

需要注意的是,msgpack-python默认采用字节编码,因此在处理字符串时需要特别注意字符集问题。此外,msgpack-python还提供了许多可选参数以满足不同需求,具体使用方法可以参考官方文档。

总之,msgpack-python是一个优秀的数据序列化库,适用于各种需要高效、轻量级数据交换的场景。如果你正在寻找一个高性能、易用的消息序列化解决方案,那么不妨试试msgpack-python!

参考链接

  1. msgpack-python
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======================= MessagePack for Python ======================= :author: INADA Naoki :version: 0.4.1 :date: 2014-02-17 .. image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/msgpack/msgpack-python.png :target: https://travis-ci.org/#!/msgpack/msgpack-python What's this ------------ `MessagePack <http://msgpack.org/>`_ is a fast, compact binary serialization format, suitable for similar data to JSON. This package provides CPython bindings for reading and writing MessagePack data. Install --------- You can use ``pip`` or ``easy_install`` to install msgpack:: $ easy_install msgpack-python or $ pip install msgpack-python PyPy ^^^^^ msgpack-python provides pure python implementation. PyPy can use this. Windows ^^^^^^^ When you can't use binary distribution, you need to install Visual Studio or Windows SDK on Windows. (NOTE: Visual C++ Express 2010 doesn't support amd64. Windows SDK is recommanded way to build amd64 msgpack without any fee.) Without extension, using pure python implementation on CPython runs slowly. Notes ----- Note for msgpack 2.0 support ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ msgpack 2.0 adds two types: *bin* and *ext*. *raw* was bytes or string type like Python 2's ``str``. To distinguish string and bytes, msgpack 2.0 adds *bin*. It is non-string binary like Python 3's ``bytes``. To use *bin* type for packing ``bytes``, pass ``use_bin_type=True`` to packer argument. >>> import msgpack >>> packed = msgpack.packb([b'spam', u'egg'], use_bin_type=True) >>> msgpack.unpackb(packed, encoding='utf-8') ['spam', u'egg'] You shoud use it carefully. When you use ``use_bin_type=True``, packed binary can be unpacked by unpackers supporting msgpack-2.0. To use *ext* type, pass ``msgpack.ExtType`` object to packer. >>> import msgpack >>> packed = msgpack.packb(msgpack.ExtType(42, b'xyzzy')) >>> msgpack.unpackb(packed) ExtType(code=42, data='xyzzy') You can use it with ``default`` and ``ext_hook``. See below. Note for msgpack 0.2.x users ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The msgpack 0.3 have some incompatible changes. The default value of ``use_list`` keyword argument is ``True`` from 0.3. You should pass the argument explicitly for backward compatibility. `Unpacker.unpack()` and some unpack methods now raises `OutOfData` instead of `StopIteration`. `StopIteration` is used for iterator protocol only. How to use ----------- One-shot pack & unpack ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Use ``packb`` for packing and ``unpackb`` for unpacking. msgpack provides ``dumps`` and ``loads`` as alias for compatibility with ``json`` and ``pickle``. ``pack`` and ``dump`` packs to file-like object. ``unpack`` and ``load`` unpacks from file-like object. :: >>> import msgpack >>> msgpack.packb([1, 2, 3]) '\x93\x01\x02\x03' >>> msgpack.unpackb(_) [1, 2, 3] ``unpack`` unpacks msgpack's array to Python's list, but can unpack to tuple:: >>> msgpack.unpackb(b'\x93\x01\x02\x03', use_list=False) (1, 2, 3) You should always pass the ``use_list`` keyword argument. See performance issues relating to use_list_ below. Read the docstring for other options. Streaming unpacking ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ``Unpacker`` is a "streaming unpacker". It unpacks multiple objects from one stream (or from bytes provided through its ``feed`` method). :: import msgpack from io import BytesIO buf = BytesIO() for i in range(100): buf.write(msgpack.packb(range(i))) buf.seek(0) unpacker = msgpack.Unpacker(buf) for unpacked in unpacker: print unpacked Packing/unpacking of custom data type ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ It is also possible to pack/unpack custom data types. Here is an example for ``datetime.datetime``. :: import datetime import msgpack useful_dict = { "id": 1, "created": datetime.datetime.now(), } def decode_datetime(obj): if b'__datetime__' in obj: obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(obj["as_str"], "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S.%f") return obj def encode_datetime(obj): if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime): return {'__datetime__': True, 'as_str': obj.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")} return obj packed_dict = msgpack.packb(useful_dict, default=encode_datetime) this_dict_again = msgpack.unpackb(packed_dict, object_hook=decode_datetime) ``Unpacker``'s ``object_hook`` callback receives a dict; the ``object_pairs_hook`` callback may instead be used to receive a list of key-value pairs. Extended types ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ It is also possible to pack/unpack custom data types using the msgpack 2.0 feature. >>> import msgpack >>> import array >>> def default(obj): ... if isinstance(obj, array.array) and obj.typecode == 'd': ... return msgpack.ExtType(42, obj.tostring()) ... raise TypeError("Unknown type: %r" % (obj,)) ... >>> def ext_hook(code, data): ... if code == 42: ... a = array.array('d') ... a.fromstring(data) ... return a ... return ExtType(code, data) ... >>> data = array.array('d', [1.2, 3.4]) >>> packed = msgpack.packb(data, default=default) >>> unpacked = msgpack.unpackb(packed, ext_hook=ext_hook) >>> data == unpacked True Advanced unpacking control ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ As an alternative to iteration, ``Unpacker`` objects provide ``unpack``, ``skip``, ``read_array_header`` and ``read_map_header`` methods. The former two read an entire message from the stream, respectively deserialising and returning the result, or ignoring it. The latter two methods return the number of elements in the upcoming container, so that each element in an array, or key-value pair in a map, can be unpacked or skipped individually. Each of these methods may optionally write the packed data it reads to a callback function: :: from io import BytesIO def distribute(unpacker, get_worker): nelems = unpacker.read_map_header() for i in range(nelems): # Select a worker for the given key key = unpacker.unpack() worker = get_worker(key) # Send the value as a packed message to worker bytestream = BytesIO() unpacker.skip(bytestream.write) worker.send(bytestream.getvalue()) Note about performance ------------------------ GC ^^ CPython's GC starts when growing allocated object. This means unpacking may cause useless GC. You can use ``gc.disable()`` when unpacking large message. `use_list` option ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ List is the default sequence type of Python. But tuple is lighter than list. You can use ``use_list=False`` while unpacking when performance is important. Python's dict can't use list as key and MessagePack allows array for key of mapping. ``use_list=False`` allows unpacking such message. Another way to unpacking such object is using ``object_pairs_hook``. Test ---- MessagePack uses `pytest` for testing. Run test with following command: $ py.test .. vim: filetype=rst

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