Cocos2dx-学习笔记

1）2d笛卡尔坐标

//创建一个正方形
    auto rect = DrawNode::create();
    rect->drawRect(Vec2(0,0), Vec2(50,50), Color4F(1.0,0,0,1.0));
    //添加正方形到场景中
    addChild(rect);

    //创建一个点
    auto dot = DrawNode::create();
    dot->drawDot(Vec2(0,0), 5, Color4F(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0));
    //将点加入到正方形中
    rect->addChild(dot);

    //围绕中心点旋转
    rect->setContentSize(Size(50,50));
    rect->setAnchorPoint(Vec2(0.5,0.5f));//锚点

    //居中
    rect->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
    //调节点的位置
    dot->setPosition(Vec2(10,10));

    //旋转
    schedule([dot,rect](float f){
        //旋转
        rect->setRotation(rect->getRotation()+1);
        //获取世界坐标
        auto p = dot->convertToWorldSpace(Vec2(0,0));
        //输出世界坐标
        CCLOG("%f,%f",p.y,p.x);
    },"Test");

2）三角函数例子

//通过三角函数使物体运动
    _angle=0;
    auto dot2 = DrawNode::create();
    dot2->drawDot(Vec2(0,0), 10, Color4F(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0));
    addChild(dot2);
    dot2->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
    schedule([dot2,this,visibleSize](float f){
        //通过修改y轴坐标使得小球运动
        dot2->setPositionY(visibleSize.height/2 + sin(_angle)*100.0);
        //通过修改X轴坐标使得小球运动发生变化
        dot2->setPositionX(visibleSize.height/2 + cos(_angle)*100.0);
        //角度自增0.1
        _angle+=0.1;
    },"Test");

3）小球向指定方向持续移动

 _direction.set(random(-1.0f, 1.0f), random(-1.0f,1.0f));
    _direction.normalize();//方向上的大小等于1，标准化
        auto dot3 = DrawNode::create();
        dot3->drawDot(Vec2(0,0), 10, Color4F(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0));
        addChild(dot3);
    dot3->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
    schedule([dot3,this,visibleSize](float f){
        auto p = dot3->getPosition();

        if (p.x<0||p.x>visibleSize.width) {
            _direction.x*=-1;
        }else if(p.y<0||p.y>visibleSize.height){
            _direction.y*=-1;
        }

        dot3->setPosition(p+_direction*10);

    },"Test");

4）游戏设置
1->设计分辨率
//设计分辨率

AppDelegate::glview->setDesignResolutionSize(1280, 720, ResolutionPolicy::FIXED_HEIGHT);

2->横屏竖屏修改

3->显示对象的使用

//    auto logo = Sprite::create("logo.png");
//    addChild(logo);
//    logo->setPosition(visibleSize/2);

    //将图片提前加载成2d纹理Texture2d
    auto img = Director::getInstance()->getTextureCache()->addImage("logo.png");//可以提前异步加载图片
    //获取图片的大小
    auto logoSize = img->getContentSize();
    CCLOG("logo size : %f , %f",logoSize.width,logoSize.height);
    //将2d纹理放入sprite对象中
    auto logo = Sprite::createWithTexture(img);
    addChild(logo);
    logo->setPosition(visibleSize/2);

4->图层的先后与场景的切换

 auto layer1=Layer::create();
    auto layer2=Layer::create();
    auto layer3=Layer::create();

    auto img1 = Sprite::create("layer1.png");
    auto img2 = Sprite::create("layer2.png");
    auto img3 = Sprite::create("layer3.png");
    img1->setAnchorPoint(Vec2(0,0));
    img2->setAnchorPoint(Vec2(0,0));
    img3->setAnchorPoint(Vec2(0,0));

    layer1->addChild(img1);
    layer2->addChild(img2);
    layer3->addChild(img3)；

    addChild(layer2);
    addChild(layer1);
    addChild(layer3);

    layer1->setPosition(Vec2(100,-100));
    layer1->setPosition(Vec2(500,-500));
    layer1->setPosition(Vec2(900,-900));

    scheduleOnce([visibleSize,this](float f){
        //建立一个新的场景和图层
        auto scene2 = Scene::create();
        auto scene2Layer = Layer::create();
        //将图层加入场景中
        scene2->addChild(scene2Layer);
        //定义一个新的logo，设置logo居中显示
        auto logo2 = Sprite::create("logo2.png");
        logo2->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
        scene2Layer->addChild(logo2);
        //调用导演类替换图层
        Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(scene2);
    }, 3,"delay");

5->自定义现实对象
LogoNode.hpp->

#ifndef LogoNode_hpp
#define LogoNode_hpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cocos2d.h"
USING_NS_CC;
class LogoNode:public Node{
protected:
    Sprite* _logo;
    Sprite* _cocosLogo;
public:
    LogoNode();
    virtual ~LogoNode();
    virtual bool init();
    CREATE_FUNC(LogoNode);
};
#endif /* LogoNode_hpp */

LogoNode.cpp->

#include "LogoNode.hpp"
LogoNode::LogoNode():_logo(nullptr),_cocosLogo(nullptr){}
LogoNode::~LogoNode(){}
bool LogoNode::init(){
    //调用父类的init函数，如果调用失败，则返回false;
    if(!Node::init()){
        return false;
    }
    _logo =Sprite::create("logo2.png");
    _cocosLogo = Sprite::create("logo.png");
    addChild(_logo);
    addChild(_cocosLogo);
    _cocosLogo->setVisible(false);
    schedule([this](float f){
        _logo->setVisible(!_logo->isVisible());
        _cocosLogo->setVisible(!_cocosLogo->isVisible());
    },1,"test");
    return true;
}

GameScene.hpp->

#ifndef GameScene_hpp
#define GameScene_hpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cocos2d.h"
USING_NS_CC;
class GameScene:public Layer{
public:
    GameScene();
    virtual ~GameScene();
    virtual bool init();
    CREATE_FUNC(GameScene);
    static Scene* createScene();
};
#endif /* GameScene_hpp */

GameScene.cpp->

#include "GameScene.hpp"
#include "LogoNode.hpp"
GameScene::GameScene(){}
GameScene::~GameScene(){}
bool GameScene::init(){
    if (!Layer::init()) {
        return false;
    }
    auto logo = LogoNode::create();
    addChild(logo);
    logo->setPosition(Director::getInstance()->getVisibleSize()/2);
    return true;
}
Scene* GameScene::createScene(){
    auto scene=Scene::create();
    auto layer=GameScene::create();
    scene->addChild(layer);
    return scene;
}

     AppDelegate.cpp->
     auto scene = GameScene::createScene();

三 Action动画与实现
1）基本动画的实现

//创建一个Sprite
    auto role = Sprite::create("role.png");
    addChild(role);
    role->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
    role->setScale(1);

    //开启Action,1为运行时间，Vec2为移动到的坐标
    //role->runAction(MoveTo::create(1, Vec2(100,visibleSize.height-100)));

    //连续执行Action
    auto action1 = MoveBy::create(1, Vec2(100,100));
    auto action2 = action1->reverse();//反转函数，支持MoveBy函数。
    //使用Sequence可以顺序执行动画
    role->runAction(Sequence::create(action1,action2, NULL));

    //并列执行动画
    auto action3 = ScaleTo::create(2, 0.2);
    auto action4 = MoveBy::create(2, Vec2(200,0));
    //使用Spawn函数并列执行动画
    role->runAction(Spawn::create(action3,action4, NULL));

    //动画执行完成回调，通过顺序／并列执行动画达到监听Action动画的效果，使用CallFunc函数回调
    role->runAction(Sequence::create(Spawn::create(action3,action4, NULL),CallFunc::create([](){
        CCLOG("Play Completed");
    }) , NULL));

2） Action内置特效（NodeGrid）

实例代码：

//建立NodeGrid对象，加入Sprite
    auto role = NodeGrid::create();
    role->addChild(Sprite::create("role.png"));
    role->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
    addChild(role);

    //Shaky3D,ShakyTiles3D,ShuffleTiles,TurnOffTiles

    /**ShakyTiles3D->10为震动时间，Size为网格大小，数值越大，网格越细，1为震动幅度，false为Z轴的深度
    role->runAction(ShakyTiles3D::create(10, Size(10,10), 1, false));*/

    /*爆炸效果->1为爆炸时间，Size为碎片大小，25为爆炸的速度
    role->runAction(ShuffleTiles::create(1, Size(50,50), 25));*/


    /*先抖动后爆炸
    auto shaky = ShakyTiles3D::create(1, Size(50,50), 5, false);
    auto shuffle = ShuffleTiles::create(0.5, Size(50,50), 25);
    role->runAction(Sequence::create(shaky,shuffle, NULL));*/

    /*碎片消失
    role->runAction(TurnOffTiles::create(1, Size(50,50)));*/

    /*波浪效果->3为持续时间，Size为网格大小，5为波纹幅度，40为扭曲度
    role->runAction(Waves3D::create(3, Size(50,50), 5, 40));*/

    /*波浪震动后还原
    auto wave1 = Waves3D::create(3, Size(15,10), 5, 40);
    auto wave2 = Waves3D::create(3, Size(15,10), 5, 0);
    role->runAction(Sequence::create(wave1,wave2, NULL));*/

3）场景切换特效：

实例代码：

auto background= Sprite::create("a.png");
    background->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
    addChild(background);

    //建立schedule替换场景
    scheduleOnce([visibleSize](float f){
        //创建新的场景
        auto newScene = Scene::create();
        auto newBackground = Sprite::create("b.png");
        newBackground->setPosition(visibleSize/2);
        newScene->addChild(newBackground);
        /*创建场景替换动画,TransitionCrossFade是淡入淡出
        auto transition = TransitionCrossFade::create(1, newScene);*/
        /*反转动画效果
        auto transition = TransitionZoomFlipAngular::create(1, newScene);*/
        /*翻页效果
        auto transition = TransitionPageTurn::create(1, newScene, true);*/
        /*顺时针切换
        auto transition = TransitionProgressRadialCW::create(1, newScene);*/
        /*左右切换
        auto transition = TransitionSplitRows::create(1, newScene);*/
        //替换场景
        Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(newScene);
    }, 2,"Test");

四，内存管理和数据结构

1）所有的现实对象，如果当前正在显示，则不会被释放内存。如果没有在显示，也没有调用Ref::retain()函数，则会因为索引为0而倍自动释放。 Ref::autoRelease() ->每一帧都会遍历一次所有的对象，进行自动释放。
obj->getReferenceCount() 可以查看引用的计数

记得使用对象时需要retain()和release()，或者直接autorelease()；

2）Vector和Map ->自动管理对象，不能保存没有继承Ref的对象

//Vector 的正确用法
    Vector<Label*> vec;
    auto label1 = Label::create();
    auto label2 = Label::create();
    label1->setString("Label 1");
    label2->setString("Label 2");
    label1->setSystemFontSize(50);
    label2->setSystemFontSize(50);
    vec.pushBack(label1);
    vec.pushBack(label2);
    int i = 0;
    for (auto label:vec) {
        i++;
        label->setPosition(Vec2(visibleSize.width/2,i*150));
        addChild(label);
    }
    //Map的正确用法
    Map<std::string,Label*> map;
    auto label1 = Label::create();
    auto label2 = Label::create();
    label1->setString("Label 1");
    label2->setString("Label 2");
    label1->setSystemFontSize(50);
    label2->setSystemFontSize(50);
    label1->setPosition(Vec2(visibleSize.width/2,200));
    label2->setPosition(Vec2(visibleSize.width/2,300));
    map.insert("label1",label1);
    map.insert("label2",label2);
    addChild(map.at("label1"));

3）value
实例代码：

 //Value的使用
    Value value1 = Value("abc");
    Value value2 = Value(123);
    Value value3 = Value(true);
    //一般情况下通过以下代码输出
    CCLOG("%s %d %s ",value1.asString().c_str(),value2.asInt(),value3.asBool()==true?"True":"False");
    //万能value输出方式更自由
    CCLOG("%s %s %s",value1.asString().c_str(),value2.asString().c_str(),value3.asString().c_str());

    Value value4 = Value::Null;//将Value设置为null
    value4=value1;
    value4=value2;
    value4=value3;
    //Value可以被重复赋值
    CCLOG("%s %s",value4.getType()==Value::Type::BOOLEAN?"True":"False",value4.asString().c_str());

    //ValueVector的使用,和打印
    ValueVector vector;
    vector.push_back(Value("Hello"));
    vector.push_back(value1);
    vector.push_back(value2);
    for (auto v:vector) {
        CCLOG("Vector %s",v.asString().c_str());
    }

    //ValueMap,先遍历最后面的值？
    ValueMap map;
    map["a"]=value2;
    map["b"]=value1;
    for (auto m:map) {
        CCLOG("%s = %s",m.first.c_str(),m.second.asString().c_str());
    }

五，基本控件介绍
Director->Scene->Layer->Sprite
＃锚点？->定位点，默认情况0.5,0.5
＃Director::runWithScene();
＃静态方法： Sprite::create() ->Cocos2d-x的约定，这是一个静态的方法，
＃auto 是什么意思？

消息框MessageBox()用法->

 //消息框提示
    MessageBox("hello world", "title");

文本标签LabelTTF

 //标签
    LabelTTF *label =LabelTTF::create();
    label->setString("Hello World");
    label->setFontSize(50);
    label->setPosition(visibleSize.width/2,visibleSize.height/2);
    addChild(label);

输入文本框TextFieldTTF->

//新增输入文本
    TextFieldTTF *textfield = TextFieldTTF::textFieldWithPlaceHolder("在这里输入", "宋体", 20);
    textfield->setPosition(visibleSize.width/2,visibleSize.height/2);
    addChild(textfield);
    //建立一个文本框的listener
    auto listener = EventListenerTouchOneByOne::create();
    listener->onTouchBegan=[textfield ](Touch *t,Event *event){
        if (textfield->getBoundingBox().containsPoint(t->getLocation())) {
            //弹出输入键盘
            textfield->attachWithIME();
        }else{
            //当点击到别的地方时，隐藏输入键盘
            textfield->detachWithIME();
        }
        return false;
    };
    //注册TextField的listener
    Director::getInstance()->getEventDispatcher()->addEventListenerWithSceneGraphPriority(listener, textfield);

自定义类（与常用的C++类使用有差别）
Ball.cpp->

#include "Ball.hpp"
bool Ball::init(){
    //调用Sprite类的initWithFile代码
    initWithFile("ball.png");
    return true;
}

Ball.hpp->

#ifndef Ball_hpp
#define Ball_hpz
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cocos2d.h"
using namespace cocos2d;
class Ball:public Sprite{
public:
    //在这里做初始化的操作，比如加载图片
    virtual bool init();
//    static Ball* create(){
//        Ball * b = new Ball();
//        b->init();
//        b->autorelease();
//        return b;
//    }
    //使用宏快速创建Ball，代码与上面注释的类似
    CREATE_FUNC(Ball);
};
#endif /* Ball_hpp */

HelloWorldScene.cpp->

#include "Ball.hpp"
auto b = Ball::create();
b->setPosition(200,200);
addChild(b);

菜单Menu
实例代码->可以添加多个菜单

//Menu菜单的使用
//创建一个菜单，通过 lambda表达式注册回调函数
auto menu = Menu::create(MenuItemImage::create("unselect.png", "selected.png", [](Object* obj){
//函数回调
log("menu item touched");
}), NULL);
addChild(menu);

列表的使用：
HelloWorldScene.h->

#ifndef __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#define __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#include "cocos2d.h"
//要使用列表必须引入以下头文件
#include <cocos-ext.h>
USING_NS_CC;
//要使用列表必须使用以下命名空间
USING_NS_CC_EXT;
class HelloWorld : public cocos2d::Layer,TableViewDataSource,TableViewDelegate
{
public:
    static cocos2d::Scene* createScene();
    virtual bool init();
    // a selector callback
    void menuCloseCallback(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
    // implement the "static create()" method manually
    CREATE_FUNC(HelloWorld);
public:
    /**
     * cell height for a given table.
     *
     * @param table table to hold the instances of Class
     * @return cell size
     */
    virtual Size cellSizeForTable(TableView *table);
    /**
     * a cell instance at a given index
     *
     * @param idx index to search for a cell
     * @return cell found at idx
     */
    virtual TableViewCell* tableCellAtIndex(TableView *table, ssize_t idx);
    /**
     * Returns number of cells in a given table view.
     *
     * @return number of cells
     */
    virtual ssize_t numberOfCellsInTableView(TableView *table);
public:
    /**
     * @js NA
     * @lua NA
     */
    virtual void scrollViewDidScroll(ScrollView* view) {};
    /**
     * @js NA
     * @lua NA
     */
    virtual void scrollViewDidZoom(ScrollView* view) {};
    /**
     * Delegate to respond touch event
     *
     * @param table table contains the given cell
     * @param cell  cell that is touched
     * @js NA
     * @lua NA
     */
    virtual void tableCellTouched(TableView* table, TableViewCell* cell);
};
#endif // __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__

HelloWorldScene.cpp->

#include "HelloWorldScene.h"
#include "SimpleAudioEngine.h"
//使用列表必须要引入以下头文件
#include <cocos-ext.h>
//比如要使用以下命名空间
USING_NS_CC_EXT;
USING_NS_CC;
Scene* HelloWorld::createScene()
{
    // 'scene' is an autorelease object
    auto scene = Scene::create();
    // 'layer' is an autorelease object
    auto layer = HelloWorld::create();
    // add layer as a child to scene
    scene->addChild(layer);
    // return the scene
    return scene;
}
// on "init" you need to initialize your instance
bool HelloWorld::init()
{
    //
    // 1. super init first
    if ( !Layer::init() )
    {
        return false;
    }
    auto visibleSize = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleSize();
    Vec2 origin = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleOrigin();
    //建立一个TableView,需要继承两个类:TableViewDataSource,TableViewDelegate
    TableView * tv = TableView::create(this, Size(300,300));
    tv->setAnchorPoint(Point(0,0));
    tv->setPosition(50,50);
    //注册点击监听函数
    tv->setDelegate(this);
    addChild(tv);
    return true;
}
//返回每一个列表项的大小
Size HelloWorld::cellSizeForTable(cocos2d::extension::TableView *table){
    return Size(300,50);
}
//创建列表项，类似于android的getView()
TableViewCell* HelloWorld::tableCellAtIndex(cocos2d::extension::TableView *table, ssize_t idx){
    TableViewCell *cell = table->dequeueCell();
    LabelTTF *label;
    if (cell==NULL) {
        cell = TableViewCell::create();
        label = LabelTTF::create();
        label->setTag(2);
        label->setFontSize(20);
        label->setAnchorPoint(Point(0,0));
        cell->addChild(label);
    }else{
        label = (LabelTTF*)cell->getChildByTag(2);
    }
    label->setString(StringUtils::format("Label: %ld",idx));
    return cell;
}
//返回列表的数量
ssize_t HelloWorld::numberOfCellsInTableView(cocos2d::extension::TableView *table){
    return 100;
}
//当label被点击时的回调方法
void HelloWorld::tableCellTouched(cocos2d::extension::TableView *table, cocos2d::extension::TableViewCell *cell){
    LabelTTF *label =(LabelTTF*) cell->getChildByTag(2);
    log("%s",label->getString().c_str());
}
void HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback(Ref* pSender)
{
    Director::getInstance()->end();
#if (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_IOS)
    exit(0);
#endif
}