待完成 14 python进阶

用好标准库的模块

errno

通过系统errno精准捕获异常内容

>>> import os
>>> os.kill(12345, 0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ProcessLookupError: [Errno 3] No such process
>>> os.errno(3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'os' has no attribute 'errno'
>>> os.strerror(3)
'No such process'

>>> os.strerror(1)
'Operation not permitted'
>>> os.strerror(0)
'Success'
>>> os.strerror(2)
'No such file or directory'
>>> os.strerror(3)
'No such process'
>>> os.strerror(4)
'Interrupted system call'
>>> os.strerror(5)
'Input/output error'
>>> 
>>> os.strerror(6)
'No such device or address'

# coding=utf-8
import os
import errno


def listdir(dirname):
    try:
        os.listdir(dirname)
    except OSError as e:
        error = e.errno
        if error == errno.ENOENT:
            print('No such file or directory')
        elif error == errno.EACCES:
            print('Prmission denied')
        elif error == errno.ENOSPC:
            print('No space left on device')
        else:
            print(e.strerror)
    else:
        print('No error!')


for filename in ['/no/such/dir', '/root', '/home/vagrant']:
    listdir(filename)

subprocess

>>> import subprocess
>>> 
>>> 1 call
>>> subprocess.call("ls -al /tmp/ddd", shell=True)
ls: cannot access /tmp/ddd: No such file or directory
2
>>> subprocess.call("systemctl show-environment", shell=True)
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
0
>>> res =subprocess.call("systemctl show-environment", shell=True)
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
>>> res 
0
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 安全起见，不要直接使用shell=True
>>> import shlex
>>> subprocess.call(shlex.split("systemctl show-environment"), shell=False)
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
0
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> subprocess.call(shlex.split("systemctl show-environmen"), shell=False)
Unknown operation 'show-environmen'.
1
>>> 2 check_call可以执行call的返回值不为0时，会抛出异常
>>> subprocess.check_call(shlex.split("systemctl show-environmen"), shell=False)
Unknown operation 'show-environmen'.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 347, in check_call
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['systemctl', 'show-environmen']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
>>> 
>>> 3 Popen,用来执行子进程的类，通过commuicate获取返回结果
>>> from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
>>> proc = Popen(shlex.split("systemctl show-environment"), stdout=PIPE)
>>> print(proc.communicate())
(b'LANG=en_US.UTF-8\nPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\n', None)
>>> 
>>> Popen实现shell管道
>>> proc = Popen(shlex.split("ps -ef"), stdout=PIPE)
>>> proc2 = Popen(shlex.split("grep gunic"), stdin=proc.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
>>> print(proc2.communicate())
(b'root      7374     1  0 06:12 ?        00:00:00 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/python3 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/gunicorn -c gunicorn\nroot      7377  7374  1 06:12 ?        00:00:25 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/python3 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/gunicorn -c gunicorn\nroot      7378  7374  1 06:12 ?        00:00:25 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/python3 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/gunicorn -c gunicorn\nroot      7379  7374  1 06:12 ?        00:00:25 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/python3 /srv/vpp_agent_venv3.7/bin/gunicorn -c gunicorn\n', None)
>>>
>>> 4 check_put是比Popen更简单的获取执行结果的方式
>>> subprocess.check_output(shlex.split("systemctl show-environment"))
b'LANG=en_US.UTF-8\nPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\n'
>>> res = subprocess.check_output(shlex.split("systemctl show-environment"))
>>> res
b'LANG=en_US.UTF-8\nPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\n'
>>> res = subprocess.check_output(shlex.split("systemctl show-environments"))
>>> 如果执行返回值不为0，会抛出异常
Un