【每日一题Leetcode】-2. Add Two Numbers

You are given two non-empty linked lists representing two non-negative integers. The digits are stored in reverse order and each of their nodes contain a single digit. Add the two numbers and return it as a linked list.

You may assume the two numbers do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.

Example

Input: (2 -> 4 -> 3) + (5 -> 6 -> 4)
Output: 7 -> 0 -> 8
Explanation: 342 + 465 = 807.

逐个遍历两个链表的每个节点，并计算对应节点位置的和。主要需要考虑一个进位的问题，用carry来储存每轮计算后的进位值。

因为需要返回的是整个新列表，所以定义了两个变量。返回的链表指针始终在初始位置，而复制变量的指针循环结束后在链表末尾。

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None

class Solution:
    def addTwoNumbers(self, l1, l2):
        """
        :type l1: ListNode
        :type l2: ListNode
        :rtype: ListNode
        """
        # 进位
        carry = 0

        # 定义变量用来保存sum结果
        result = ListNode(0)
        n = result
        # result = n = ListNode(0)

        # 遍历链表
        while l1 or l2 or carry:
            if l1:
                carry += l1.val
                l1 = l1.next
            
            if l2:
                carry += l2.val
                l2 = l2.next
            
            # 取得新链表的节点，进位带入一个循环
            val = carry%10
            carry = carry//10    
            n.next = ListNode(val)
            n = n.next
            #n.next = n = ListNode(val)
        # result第一个值为0，返回result.next
        return result.next

这个solution是参考论坛的方法，这里最开始有个疑问，就是将一个变量赋值给另一个变量的时候，或者说复制一个变量，改变其中一个变量的值会不会影响另一个变量？下面链接有python详细的解释。

在这里简单总结一下，如果被复制变量是可变型的（如列表或字典）且不使用切片复制，那么改变其中一个变量中某个元素的值，会同时改变两个变量。其它情况，比如，被复制变量是整数或字符，或者对其中一个变量整个重新赋值，则不会影响另一个变量。

>>>a = ['blue','green']
>>>b = a
>>>print(a)
>>>print(b)
['blue','green']
['blue','green']

>>>b[0] = ['red']
>>>print(a)
>>>print(b)
['red','green']
['red','green']

>>>b = ['black,'white']
>>>print(a)
>>>print(b)
['red','green']
['black,'white']

参考资料：

https://www.python-course.eu/deep_copy.php

https://leetcode.com/problems/add-two-numbers/discuss/1016/Clear-python-code-straight-forward?page=4