(笔记)色彩原理

什么是色域

From wikipedia:

In color reproduction, including computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut /ˈɡæmət/, is a certain complete subset of colors. The most common usage refers to the subset of colors which can be accurately represented in a given circumstance, such as within a given color space or by a certain output device.

什么是色彩空间?

From wikipedia:

A color space is a specific organization of colors. In combination with physical device profiling, it allows for reproducible representations of color, in both analog and digital representations. A color space may be arbitrary, with particular colors assigned to a set of physical color swatches and corresponding assigned names or numbers such as with the Pantone collection, or structured mathematically, as with NCS System, Adobe RGB orsRGB. A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers (e.g. triples in RGB or quadruples in CMYK); however, a color model with no associated mapping function to an absolute color space is a more or less arbitrary color system with no connection to any globally understood system of color interpretation. Adding a specific mapping function between a color model and a reference color space establishes within the reference color space a definite "footprint", known as a gamut, and for a given color model this defines a color space. For example, Adobe RGB and sRGB are two different absolute color spaces, both based on the RGB color model. When defining a color space, the usual reference standard is the CIELAB or CIEXYZ color spaces, which were specifically designed to encompass all colors the average human can see.

Since "color space" identifies a particular combination of the color model and the mapping function, the word is often used informally to identify a color model. However, even though identifying a color space automatically identifies the associated color model, such a usage is incorrect in a strict sense. For example, although several specific color spaces are based on the RGB color model, there is no such thing as the singular RGB color space.

什么是色彩模型?

所谓色彩模型，就是用一定规则来描述（排列）颜色的方法.

比如 RGB 色彩模型：

RGB 模型用规定红、绿、蓝 3 个分量描述颜色，然而并没有确定红色、绿色、蓝色到底是什么。
比如你知道 (255,0，0) （8 位）的是红色，是最红的红色，但是仅此而已，并不知道这个红用光照射出来有多少波长、多少亮度，更不知道从 0-10 或 从 245-255 每一级红色差了多少。

而色彩空间要有确切的定义，比如使用 RGB 色彩模型的 sRGB 色彩空间最大红色的定义就是CIE XYZ: 0.4360657, 0.2224884, 0.013916。而 CIE XYZ 是一个特殊的色彩空间，根据人眼三刺激值实验测试结果而建立。

个人理解:

色彩空间是一个space,既然是space就意味着有坐标系,有维度,所以色彩空间必定与色彩模型有关,因为不同的色彩模型决定了不同的颜色表示方法(坐标系和维度), RGB是三维,CMYK是四维.但是光有色彩模型, 一个坐标点只是空间中的一个"点", 还不能代表一个具体的绝对颜色,比如RGB色彩模型中(255,0,0)这个点并没有对应具体的一个红色.所以此时的色彩空间没有意义(所以所谓的RGB色彩空间这种叫法没有意义),还要在这个色彩模型的基础上再增加一个色彩模型到某个参考色彩空间(绝对色彩空间)的映射.那样色彩模型中的一个点才能对应到某一个具体的颜色.此时对于这个给定的色彩模型才形成一个色彩空间,这个色彩空间所能表示的所有颜色就形成了这个色彩空间的色域.