Opencv Python版学习笔记（一）图像直方图

之前接触c++版的Opencv一般都是用到什么就去找什么，最近安装了Python的Opencv，脚本语言就是有它的好处，直接运行就能看到好多例程：

今天看的是一个初级图像处理只是，颜色直方图，直接引用的Python版Opencv例程，需要注释的地方都加了说明

这个例子分别展示了3通道颜色直方图、灰度图像直方图、灰度直方图均衡化（也就是将直方图均匀开来，能够达到提升图像局部对比度的效果）后的直方图以及图像归一化后的直方图

import cv2
import numpy as np

bins = np.arange(256).reshape(256,1)

def hist_curve(im):
    h = np.zeros((300,256,3))
    if len(im.shape) == 2:#判断如果为灰度图像用白色线画，所以这里color赋值为白色
        color = [(255,255,255)]
    elif im.shape[2] == 3:#判断如果为彩色图像，分三个通道分别计算直方图
        color = [ (255,0,0),(0,255,0),(0,0,255) ]
    for ch, col in enumerate(color):#循环遍历3个通道，每次循环对划线进行颜色赋值，已达到清晰表示
        hist_item = cv2.calcHist([im],[ch],None,[256],[0,255])#直方图计算[ch]为通道
        cv2.normalize(hist_item,hist_item,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)#直方图归一化
        hist=np.int32(np.around(hist_item))#将归一化的直方图取整
        pts = np.int32(np.column_stack((bins,hist)))#将bins列与直方图列合并
        cv2.polylines(h,[pts],False,col)#通过构造得到的线pts在h上画出直方图曲线
    y=np.flipud(h)#由于图是倒着的，将矩阵头尾对调
    return y
def hist_lines(im):
    h = np.zeros((300,256,3))
    if len(im.shape)!=2:
        print "hist_lines applicable only for grayscale images"
        #print "so converting image to grayscale for representation"
        im = cv2.cvtColor(im,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#如果图片不是灰度图转为灰度图
    hist_item = cv2.calcHist([im],[0],None,[256],[0,255])
    cv2.normalize(hist_item,hist_item,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
    hist=np.int32(np.around(hist_item))
    for x,y in enumerate(hist):
        cv2.line(h,(x,0),(x,y),(255,255,255))#以每个bin的累积高度作为纵坐标bin作为横坐标画垂直的线来表示直方图
    #y = np.flipud(h)
    return h

if __name__=='__main__':
    
    import sys
    
    if len(sys.argv)>1:
        im = cv2.imread(sys.argv[1])
    else :
        im = cv2.imread('E:/lena.jpg')
        print "usage : python hist.py <image_file>"
        
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(im, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    
    print ''' Histogram plotting \n
    Keymap :\n
    a - show histogram for color image in curve mode \n
    b - show histogram in bin mode \n
    c - show equalized histogram (always in bin mode) \n
    d - show histogram for color image in curve mode \n
    e - show histogram for a normalized image in curve mode \n
    Esc - exit \n
    '''
    
    cv2.imshow('image',im)
    while True:
        k = cv2.waitKey(0)&0xFF
        if k == ord('a'):
            curve = hist_curve(im)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',curve)
            cv2.imshow('image',im)
            print 'a'
        elif k == ord('b'):
            print 'b'
            lines = hist_lines(im)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',lines)
            cv2.imshow('image',gray)
        elif k == ord('c'):
            print 'c'
            equ = cv2.equalizeHist(gray)#直方图标准化
            lines = hist_lines(equ)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',lines)
            cv2.imshow('image',equ)
        elif k == ord('d'):
            print 'd'
            curve = hist_curve(gray)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',curve)
            cv2.imshow('image',gray)
        elif k == ord('e'):
            print 'e'
            norm = cv2.normalize(gray,alpha = 0,beta = 255,norm_type = cv2.NORM_MINMAX)#灰度图归一化
            lines = hist_lines(norm)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',lines)
            cv2.imshow('image',norm)
        elif k == 27:
            print 'ESC'
            cv2.destroyAllWindows()
            break
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()