Spring的WebServiceTemplate访问WebService的步骤及其本质原理
WebService客户端调用的本质就是将SAOP格式的XML通过通信协议发送到WebService的服务器端,然后接收服务器端返回的XML.
本文简单介绍一下如何通过Spring提供的WebServiceTemplate访问 Webservice,WebServiceTemplate与调用webservice的客户端已及webservice服务器端示意图如下(图片来源 于Spring in Action):
这里以SOAP over HTTP为例,开发步骤如下:
1,在Spring的配置文件中配置WebServiceTemplate,最简单的配置如下:
<bean id="webServiceTemplate" class="org.springframework.ws.client.core.WebServiceTemplate"> <property name="defaultUri" value="http://localhost:8080/prjCXFWS/services/SimpleServicePort"/> </bean>
*这种配置省略了MessageFactory和messageSender的配置,Spring默认会使用SaajSoapMessageFactory和HttpUrlConnectionMessageSender.等同于下面的配置
<bean id="messageFactory" class="org.springframework.ws.soap.saaj.SaajSoapMessageFactory"/> <bean id="webServiceTemplate" class="org.springframework.ws.client.core.WebServiceTemplate"> <constructor-arg ref="messageFactory"/> <property name="messageSender"> <bean class="org.springframework.ws.transport.http.HttpUrlConnectionMessageSender"/> </property> <property name="defaultUri" value="http://localhost:8080/prjCXFWS/services/SimpleServicePort" /> </bean>
还可以使用CommonsHttpMessageSender作为messageSender,它提供了设置timeout,用户名,密码等选项的功能.(需要使用commons-httpclient.jar和commons-codec.jar)
MessageFactory还可以使用AxiomSoapMessageFactory和DomPoxMessageFactory.
<bean id="webServiceTemplate" class="org.springframework.ws.client.core.WebServiceTemplate"> <property name="messageSender"> <bean class="org.springframework.ws.transport.http.CommonsHttpMessageSender"> <property name="readTimeout" value="0" /> </bean> </property> <property name="defaultUri" value="http://localhost:8080/prjCXFWS/services/SimpleServicePort" /> </bean>
2,Java调用代码:传输的是SOAP XML.
private static final String MESSAGE =
"<queryPeopleByID xmlns=\"http://test.cxfws.com\">1231ss</queryPeopleByID> ";
public static void test() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("conf/wsAppcontext.xml");
WebServiceTemplate simpleService = (WebServiceTemplate) ac.getBean("webServiceTemplate");
StreamSource source = new StreamSource(new StringReader(MESSAGE));
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(System.out);
simpleService.sendSourceAndReceiveToResult(source, result);
}
*MESSAGE为需要发送到webservice服务器端的XML payload内容,SOAP body之内的XML内容.
Spring调用Webservice的另一种方法是通过Spring提供的JaxWsPortProxyFactoryBean,示意图如下(图片来源于Spring in Action):
Spring的配置如下:
<bean id="simpleService" class="org.springframework.remoting.jaxws.JaxWsPortProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="serviceInterface" value="com.cxfclient.test.SimpleService" /> <property name="wsdlDocumentUrl" value="http://localhost:8080/prjCXFWS/services/SimpleServicePort?WSDL" /> <property name="namespaceUri" value="http://test.cxfws.com/" /> <property name="serviceName" value="SimpleServiceService" /> <property name="portName" value="SimpleServicePort" /> </bean>
**这种方式需要用工具通过Webservice 的wsdl文件生成客户端需要的一些Java类,如service的interface,参数类等等(如下面代码中的SimpleService,People类).
Java调用代码如下
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("conf/wsAppcontext.xml");
SimpleService simpleService = (SimpleService) ac.getBean("simpleService");
People people = simpleService.queryPeopleByID("test");
System.out.println(people.getAge() + people.getName() + people.getPid());
关于更多客户端如何调用webservice,参照http://blog.csdn.net/kkdelta/article/details/3987591
对于服务器端,其本质也是接收符合SOAP规范的XML消息,解析XML,返回符合SOAP规范的XML,这里用一个servlet模拟webservice,代码如下:
public class WSSimulator extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException {
System.out.println("doGet");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( request.getInputStream()));
String str;
while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(str); ##1
}
in.close();
String soapHeader = "<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">"
+"<SOAP-ENV:Header/><SOAP-ENV:Body>";
String soapPayload = "<xxx>yyy</xxx>";
String soapTail = "</SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>";
response.getWriter().write(soapHeader + soapPayload + soapTail); ##2
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("doPost");
doGet(request, response);
}
}
通过WebServiceTemplate将消息发送到这个servlet监听的url,可以更深理解Webservice的本质
.