android学习——MeasureSpec介绍及使用 - 南小爵
一、MeasureSpc类说明
SDK的介绍:MeasureSpc类封装了父View传递给子View的布局(layout)要求。每个MeasureSpc实例代表宽度或者高度
它有三种模式:
①、UNSPECIFIED(未指定),父元素部队自元素施加任何束缚,子元素可以得到任意想要的大小;
②、EXACTLY(完全),父元素决定自元素的确切大小,子元素将被限定在给定的边界里而忽略它本身大小;
③、AT_MOST(至多),子元素至多达到指定大小的值。
常用的三个函数:
static int getMode(int measureSpec) : 根据提供的测量值(格式),提取模式(上述三个模式之一)
static int getSize(int measureSpec) : 根据提供的测量值(格式),提取大小值(这个大小也就是我们通常所说的大小)
static int makeMeasureSpec(int size,int mode) : 根据提供的大小值和模式,创建一个测量值(格式)
MeasureSpc类源码分析 其为View.java类的内部类,路径:frameworksbasecorejavaandroidviewView.java
1 public class View implements ... {
2 ...
3 public static class MeasureSpec {
4 private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30; //移位位数为30
5 //int类型占32位,向右移位30位,该属性表示掩码值,用来与size和mode进行"&"运算,获取对应值。
6 private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
7 //向右移位30位,其值为00 + (30位0) , 即 0x0000(16进制表示)
8 public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
9 //向右移位30位,其值为01 + (30位0) , 即0x1000(16进制表示)
10 public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
11 //向右移位30位,其值为02 + (30位0) , 即0x2000(16进制表示)
12 public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
13
14 //创建一个整形值,其高两位代表mode类型,其余30位代表长或宽的实际值。可以是WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT或具体大小exactly size
15 public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
16 return size + mode;
17 }
18 //获取模式 ,与运算
19 public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
20 return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
21 }
22 //获取长或宽的实际值 ,与运算
23 public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
24 return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
25 }
26
27 }
28 ...
MeasureSpec类的处理思路是:
右移运算,使int 类型的高两位表示模式的实际值,其余30位表示其余30位代表长或宽的实际值----可以是WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT或具体大小exactly size。 通过掩码MODE_MASK进行与运算 “&”,取得模式(mode)以及长或宽(value)的实际值。
MeasureSpec . makeMeasureSpec 方法,实际上这个方法很简单:
1 public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) { 2 return size + mode; 3 }
其用法如下:
1 int w = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0,View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED); 2 int h = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0,View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED); 3 ssidtext.measure(w, h); 4 int width =ssidtext.getMeasuredWidth(); 5 int height =ssidtext.getMeasuredHeight();
二、measure过程详解
UI框架开始绘制时,皆是从ViewRoot.java类开始绘制的:
ViewRoot类简要说明: 任何显示在设备中的窗口,例如:Activity、Dialog等,都包含一个ViewRoot实例,该类主要用来与远端 WindowManagerService交互以及控制(开始/销毁)绘制。
1、开始UI绘制 , 具体绘制方法则是:
//开始View绘制流程 private void performTraversals(){ ... //这两个值我们在后面讨论时,在回过头来看看是怎么赋值的。现在只需要记住其值MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec()构建的。 int childWidthMeasureSpec; //其值由MeasureSpec类构建 , makeMeasureSpec int childHeightMeasureSpec;//其值由MeasureSpec类构建 , makeMeasureSpec // Ask host how big it wants to be host.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); ... } ...
2、调用measure()方法去做一些前期准备 measure()方法原型定义在View.java类中,final修饰符修饰,其不能被重载:
1 public class View implements ... {
2 ...
3 /**
4 * This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent
5 * supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters.
6 *
7 * @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the
8 * parent
9 * @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the
10 * parent
11 * @see #onMeasure(int, int)
12 */
13 public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
14 //判断是否为强制布局,即带有“FORCE_LAYOUT”标记 以及 widthMeasureSpec或heightMeasureSpec发生了改变
15 if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
16 widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
17 heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
18 // first clears the measured dimension flag
19 //清除MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记 ,该标记会在onMeasure()方法后被设置
20 mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
21
22 // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
23 // 1、 测量该View本身的大小 ; 2 、 设置MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记,否则接写来会报异常。
24 onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
25
26 // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
27 // an exception to warn the developer
28 if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
29 throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
30 + " measured dimension by calling" + " setMeasuredDimension()");
31 }
32
33 mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED; //下一步是layout了,添加LAYOUT_REQUIRED标记
34 }
35
36 mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec; //保存值
37 mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec; //保存值
38 }
39 ...
参数widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec 由父View构建,表示父View给子View的测量要求。其值地构建如下:
measure()方法显示判断是否需要重新调用设置改View大小,即调用onMeasure()方法,然后操作两个标识符:
①、重置MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET : onMeasure()方法中,需要添加该标识符,否则,会报异常;
②、添加LAYOUT_REQUIRED : 表示需要进行layout操作。最后,保存当前的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec值。
3、 调用onMeasure()方法去真正设置View的长宽值,其默认实现为:
1 //设置该View本身地大小
2 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
3 setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
4 getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
5 }
6
7
8 //@param size参数一般表示设置了android:minHeight属性或者该View背景图片的大小值
9 public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
10 int result = size;
11 int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
12 int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
13
14 //根据不同的mode值,取得宽和高的实际值。
15 switch (specMode) {
16 case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: //表示该View的大小父视图未定,设置为默认值
17 result = size;
18 break;
19 case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: //表示该View的大小由父视图指定了
20 case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
21 result = specSize;
22 break;
23 }
24 return result;
25 }
26
27 //获得设置了android:minHeight属性或者该View背景图片的大小值, 最为该View的参考值
28 protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
29 int suggestedMinWidth = mMinWidth; // android:minHeight
30 if (mBGDrawable != null) { // 背景图片对应地Width。
31 final int bgMinWidth = mBGDrawable.getMinimumWidth();
32 if (suggestedMinWidth < bgMinWidth) {
33 suggestedMinWidth = bgMinWidth;
34 }
35 }
36
37 return suggestedMinWidth;
38 }
39 //设置View在measure过程中宽和高
40 protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
41 mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
42 mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
43 mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; //设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记
44 }
主要功能就是根据该View属性(android:minWidth和背景图片大小)和父View对该子View的"测量要求",设置该View的 mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight 值。
这儿只是一般的View类型地实现方法。一般来说,父View,也就是ViewGroup类型,都需要在重写onMeasure()方法,遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。基本思想如下:遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。伪代码表示为:
1 //某个ViewGroup类型的视图
2 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
3 //必须调用super.ononMeasure()或者直接调用setMeasuredDimension()方法设置该View大小,否则会报异常。
4 super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec , heightMeasureSpec)
5
6 //遍历每个子View
7 for(int i = 0 ; i < getChildCount() ; i++){
8 View child = getChildAt(i);
9 //调用子View的onMeasure,设置他们的大小。childWidthMeasureSpec , childHeightMeasureSpec ?
10 child.onMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
11 }
12 }
如何去设置每个子View的大小,基本思想也如同我们之前描述的思想:遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。
1 //widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec 表示该父View的布局要求
2 //遍历每个子View,然后调用measureChild()方法去实现每个子View大小
3 protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
4 final int size = mChildrenCount;
5 final View[] children = mChildren;
6 for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
7 final View child = children[i];
8 if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) { // 不处于 “GONE” 状态
9 measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
10 }
11 }
12 }
13 //测量每个子View高宽时,清楚了该View本身的边距大小,即android:padding属性 或android:paddingLeft等属性标记
14 protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
15 int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
16 final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams(); // LayoutParams属性
17 //设置子View的childWidthMeasureSpec属性,去除了该父View的边距值 mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight
18 final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
19 mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
20 //设置子View的childHeightMeasureSpec属性,去除了该父View的边距值 mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom
21 final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
22 mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
23 child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
measureChildren()方法:遍历所有子View,调用measureChild()方法去设置该子View的属性值。 measureChild() 方法 : 获取特定子View的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec,调用measure()方法设置子View的实际宽高值。 getChildMeasureSpec()就是获取子View的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec值。
1 // spec参数 表示该父View本身所占的widthMeasureSpec 或 heightMeasureSpec值 2 // padding参数 表示该父View的边距大小,见于android:padding属性 或android:paddingLeft等属性标记 3 // childDimension参数 表示该子View内部LayoutParams属性的值,可以是wrap_content、match_parent、一个精确指(an exactly size), 4 // 例如:由android:width指定等。 5 public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) { 6 int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec); //获得父View的mode 7 int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec); //获得父View的实际值 8 int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding); //父View为子View设定的大小,减去边距值, 9 10 int resultSize = 0; //子View对应地 size 实际值 ,由下面的逻辑条件赋值 11 int resultMode = 0; //子View对应地 mode 值 , 由下面的逻辑条件赋值 12 13 switch (specMode) { 14 // Parent has imposed an exact size on us 15 //1、父View是EXACTLY的 ! 16 case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: 17 //1.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size) 18 if (childDimension >= 0) { 19 resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值 20 resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。 21 } 22 //1.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 23 else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { 24 // Child wants to be our size. So be it. 25 resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 26 resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。 27 } 28 //1.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT 29 else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { 30 // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be 31 // bigger than us. 32 resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 33 resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST 。 34 } 35 break; 36 37 // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us 38 //2、父View是AT_MOST的 ! 39 case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: 40 //2.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size) 41 if (childDimension >= 0) { 42 // Child wants a specific size... so be it 43 resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值 44 resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。 45 } 46 //2.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 47 else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { 48 // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed. 49 // Constrain child to not be bigger than us. 50 resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 51 resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST 52 } 53 //2.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT 54 else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { 55 // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be 56 // bigger than us. 57 resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 58 resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST 59 } 60 break; 61 62 // Parent asked to see how big we want to be 63 //3、父View是UNSPECIFIED的 ! 64 case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: 65 //3.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size) 66 if (childDimension >= 0) { 67 // Child wants a specific size... let him have it 68 resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值 69 resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 70 } 71 //3.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 72 else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { 73 // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should 74 // be 75 resultSize = 0; //size为0! ,其值未定 76 resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; //mode为 UNSPECIFIED 77 } 78 //3.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT 79 else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { 80 // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how 81 // big it should be 82 resultSize = 0; //size为0! ,其值未定 83 resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; //mode为 UNSPECIFIED 84 } 85 break; 86 } 87 //根据上面逻辑条件获取的mode和size构建MeasureSpec对象。 88 return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
每个View大小的设定都事由其父View以及该View共同决定的。但这只是一个期望的大小,每个View在测量时最终大小的设定是由setMeasuredDimension()最终决定的。因此,最终确定一个View的“测量长宽“是由以下几个方面影响:
1、父View的MeasureSpec属性; 2、子View的LayoutParams属性 ; 3、setMeasuredDimension()或者其它类似设定 mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight 值的方法。
1 //设置View在measure过程中宽和高
2 protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
3 mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
4 mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
5 mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; //设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记
6 }