Netty入门

1.客户端

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class EchoClient {

    private final int port;
    private final String host;

    public EchoClient(int port, String host) {
        this.port = port;
        this.host = host;
    }

    public void start() throws InterruptedException {
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();/*线程组*/
        try {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();/*客户端启动必备*/
            b.group(group)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)/*指明使用NIO进行网络通讯*/
                    .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host,port))/*配置远程服务器的地址*/
                    .handler(new EchoClientHandler());
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect().sync();/*连接到远程节点，阻塞等待直到连接完成*/
            /*阻塞，直到channel关闭*/
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        new EchoClient(9999,"127.0.0.1").start();
    }
}

Handler

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {

    /*客户端读取到数据后干什么*/
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Client accetp:"+msg.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    /*客户端被通知channel活跃以后，做事*/
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        //往服务器写数据
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Hello,Netty",
                CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelReadComplete");
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

2、服务端

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class EchoServer {

    private final int port;

    public EchoServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        int port = 9999;
        EchoServer echoServer = new EchoServer(port);
        System.out.println("服务器即将启动");
        echoServer.start();
        System.out.println("服务器关闭");
    }

    public void start() throws InterruptedException {
        final EchoServerHandler serverHandler = new EchoServerHandler();
        /*线程组*/
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();/*服务端启动必备*/
            b.group(group)
                    /*指明使用NIO进行网络通讯*/
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    /*指明服务器监听端口*/
                    .localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port))
                    /*接收到连接请求，新启一个socket通信，也就是channel，每个channel
                     * 有自己的事件的handler*/
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind().sync();/*绑定到端口，阻塞等待直到连接完成*/
            /*阻塞，直到channel关闭*/
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }
}

Handler

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

/*指明我这个handler可以在多个channel之间共享，意味这个实现必须线程安全的。*/
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    /*** 服务端读取到网络数据后的处理*/
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf)msg;/*netty实现的缓冲区*/
        System.out.println("Server Accept:"+in.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        ctx.write(in);
    }

    /*** 服务端读取完成网络数据后的处理*/
    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)
            throws Exception {
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER)/*flush掉所有的数据*/
                .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);/*当flush完成后，关闭连接*/
    }

    /*** 发生异常后的处理*/
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

3、流程：
（1）服务端启动，等待连接
（2）客户端启动，连接到服务器，EchoClientHandler channelActive方法执行（向服务端传输数据）
（3）服务端 EchoServerHandler channelRead方法执行（读取客户端传输的数据）
（4）读取完客户端传输的数据后，执行服务端 EchoServerHandler channelReadComplete方法（向客户端传输数据）
（5）客户端EchoClientHandler channelRead方法执行（读取服务端传输的数据）
（6）读取完服务端传输的数据后，客户端EchoClientHandler channelReadComplete方法执行