IdWorker

/**

• 名称：IdWorker.java

• 描述：分布式自增长ID

• Twitter的 Snowflake　JAVA实现方案

• 核心代码为其IdWorker这个类实现，其原理结构如下，我分别用一个0表示一位，用—分割开部分的作用：

• 1||0—0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0 — 00000 —00000 —000000000000

• 在上面的字符串中，第一位为未使用（实际上也可作为long的符号位），接下来的41位为毫秒级时间，

• 然后5位datacenter标识位，5位机器ID（并不算标识符，实际是为线程标识），

• 然后12位该毫秒内的当前毫秒内的计数，加起来刚好64位，为一个Long型。

• 这样的好处是，整体上按照时间自增排序，并且整个分布式系统内不会产生ID碰撞（由datacenter和机器ID作区分），

• 并且效率较高，经测试，snowflake每秒能够产生26万ID左右，完全满足需要。

• 64位ID (42(毫秒)+5(机器ID)+5(业务编码)+12(重复累加))

• @author Polim
  */
  public class IdWorker {
  // 时间起始标记点，作为基准，一般取系统的最近时间（一旦确定不能变动）
  private final static long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
  // 机器标识位数
  private final static long workerIdBits = 5L;
  // 数据中心标识位数
  private final static long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
  // 机器ID最大值
  private final static long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
  // 数据中心ID最大值
  private final static long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
  // 毫秒内自增位
  private final static long sequenceBits = 12L;
  // 机器ID偏左移12位
  private final static long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
  // 数据中心ID左移17位
  private final static long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
  // 时间毫秒左移22位
  private final static long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;

  private final static long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
  /* 上次生产id时间戳 */
  private static long lastTimestamp = -1L;
  // 0，并发控制
  private long sequence = 0L;

  private final long workerId;
  // 数据标识id部分
  private final long datacenterId;

  public IdWorker(){
  this.datacenterId = getDatacenterId(maxDatacenterId);
  this.workerId = getMaxWorkerId(datacenterId, maxWorkerId);
  }
  /**

  • @param workerId

  • 工作机器ID

  • @param datacenterId

  • 序列号
    /
    public IdWorker(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
    if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(“worker Id can’t be greater than %d or less than 0”, maxWorkerId));
    }
    if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(“datacenter Id can’t be greater than %d or less than 0”, maxDatacenterId));
    }
    this.workerId = workerId;
    this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
    }
    /*

  • 获取下一个ID

  • @return
    */
    public synchronized long nextId() {
    long timestamp = timeGen();
    if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
    throw new RuntimeException(String.format(“Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds”, lastTimestamp - timestamp));
    }

    if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
    // 当前毫秒内，则+1
    sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
    if (sequence == 0) {
    // 当前毫秒内计数满了，则等待下一秒
    timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
    }
    } else {
    sequence = 0L;
    }
    lastTimestamp = timestamp;
    // ID偏移组合生成最终的ID，并返回ID
    long nextId = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift)
    | (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift)
    | (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;

    return nextId;
    }

  private long tilNextMillis(final long lastTimestamp) {
  long timestamp = this.timeGen();
  while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
  timestamp = this.timeGen();
  }
  return timestamp;
  }

  private long timeGen() {
  return System.currentTimeMillis();
  }

  /**

  • 获取 maxWorkerId

  /
  protected static long getMaxWorkerId(long datacenterId, long maxWorkerId) {
  StringBuffer mpid = new StringBuffer();
  mpid.append(datacenterId);
  String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
  if (!name.isEmpty()) {
  /
  * GET jvmPid
  /
  mpid.append(name.split("@")[0]);
  }
  /
  * MAC + PID 的 hashcode 获取16个低位
  */
  return (mpid.toString().hashCode() & 0xffff) % (maxWorkerId + 1);
  }

  /**

  • 数据标识id部分

  */
  protected static long getDatacenterId(long maxDatacenterId) {
  long id = 0L;
  try {
  InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
  NetworkInterface network = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip);
  if (network == null) {
  id = 1L;
  } else {
  byte[] mac = network.getHardwareAddress();
  id = ((0x000000FF & (long) mac[mac.length - 1])
  | (0x0000FF00 & (((long) mac[mac.length - 2]) << 8))) >> 6;
  id = id % (maxDatacenterId + 1);
  }
  } catch (Exception e) {
  System.out.println(" getDatacenterId: " + e.getMessage());
  }
  return id;
  }

}