Linux-CentOS6.9下Nginx+uWSGI+Python3+Django+MySQL开发环境搭建

Linux-CentOS6.9下Nginx+uWSGI+Python3+Django+MySQL开发环境搭建

sudo -s

安装Nginx-1.12.2

首先安装Nginx
https://blog.csdn.net/gocuber/article/details/80613503

安装安装MySQL-5.7.22

安装MySQL-5.7.22 如果不使用MySQL库可以跳过这步
https://blog.csdn.net/gocuber/article/details/80082356

安装Python-3.6.5

安装Python3并配置好pip
https://blog.csdn.net/gocuber/article/details/80011149

pip安装Django2.0.5

pip3 install Django==2.0.5

检查版本

/usr/local/python3/bin/django-admin.py --version
# 2.0.5

pip3 show Django         # 查看详细信息

Django创建项目

新建python-dgango项目目录

mkdir -p /data0/python-dgango
cd /data0/python-dgango/

创建应用

/usr/local/python3/bin/django-admin.py startproject app1

生成如下结构

app1/
    manage.py
    app1/
        __init__.py
        settings.py                # 项目的配置文件
            ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']  # 可以写ip或域名 *是全部 具体参考官网文档
        urls.py
        wsgi.py                    # 项目的运行在 WSGI 兼容的Web服务器上的入口

具体参考Django官网教程1
https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.0/intro/tutorial01/
教程2
https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.0/intro/tutorial02/

启动服务

python3 manage.py runserver 0:8080

访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080 你将会看到一个“祝贺”页面

刚刚启动的是 Django 自带的用于开发的简易服务器，它是一个用纯 Python 写的轻量级的 Web 服务器。这个服务器内置在 Django 中是为了让你能快速的开发出想要的东西

我们继续安装uWSGI

使用pip安装 uWSGI 2.0.17

uWSGI https://pypi.org/project/uWSGI/

pip3 install uWSGI==2.0.17

查看uWSGI包安装信息

pip3 show uWSGI
Name: uWSGI
Version: 2.0.17
Summary: The uWSGI server
Home-page: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Author: Unbit
Author-email: info@unbit.it
License: GPL2
Location: /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: 
Required-by: 

在你的python安装目录下的bin目录下会生成uwsgi脚本文件

检查版本

ll /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi

/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi --version

# 可以创建一个软连接 为了方便使用uwsgi
# ln -s /usr/local/python3.6/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi

测试uWSGI: 新建文件test.py，写入以下内容

uwsgi官网说明 http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html

cd /data0/python

vi test.py

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

然后在终端运行

/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi --http 0.0.0.0:9090 --wsgi-file test.py

访问 http://localhost:9090 输出 Hello World，成功

连接uWSGI与Django

官方说明 https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Nginx.html

方式一、直接启动

/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:9090 --chdir /data0/python-django/app1 --module app1.wsgi

方式二、新建uwsgi.ini 配置文件 更过配置详细说明参考官网

vi /etc/uwsgi9090.ini

[uwsgi]

# 使用动态端口
# socket = /tmp/uwsgi_vhosts.sock

# 手动指定
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090

chdir = /data0/python-django/app1
module = app1.wsgi

# 主进程
master = true

# 多站模式
#vhost = true

# 多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
#no-stie = true

# 子进程数
#workers = 2
#reload-mercy = 10

# 退出、重启时清理文件
vacuum = true
#max-requests = 1000   
#limit-as = 512
#buffer-sizi = 30000

# pid文件，用于脚本启动、停止该进程
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid

# uWSGI log日志文件
daemonize = /data0/logs/uwsgi9090.log

uwsgi 的启动 停止 reload

/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi9090.ini            # 启动
/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi --stop /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid       # 停止
/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi --reload /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid     # reload

新建uwsgi9090文件 添加服务 并设置开机启动

vi /etc/init.d/uwsgi9090

#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          uwsgi
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server
# Description:       starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

NAME=uwsgi9090
DAEMON=/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

set -e
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

do_start() {
    $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
}

do_stop() {
    $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
    rm -f $PIDFILE
    echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
}

do_reload() {
    $DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
}

do_status() {
    ps aux|grep $DAEMON
}

case "$1" in
 status)
    echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"
    do_status
 ;;
 start)
    echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"
    do_start
 ;;
 stop)
    echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"
    do_stop
 ;;
 reload|graceful)
    echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"
    do_reload
 ;;
 *)
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
    exit 3
 ;;
esac

exit 0

chmod 555 /etc/init.d/uwsgi9090 # 可执行权限

chkconfig --add uwsgi9090       # 添加服务
chkconfig --list uwsgi9090      # 查看服务
chkconfig uwsgi9090 on          # 开机自启

service uwsgi9090 start    # 启动服务
service uwsgi9090 stop     # 停止服务
service uwsgi9090 reload   # 平滑重启服务
service uwsgi9090 status   # 查看状态

uWSGI 已经配置完毕

可以创建多个uWSGI

vi /etc/uwsgi9091.ini
vi /etc/init.d/uwsgi9091

连接uWSGI与Nginx

Nginx配置增加一个server

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

server
{
    listen       80;
    server_name  dev.python.gocuber.com;
    index index.html index.htm index;
    charset     utf-8;
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    location /
    {
      include uwsgi_params;

      # uwsgi_pass unix:///tmp/uwsgi_vhosts.sock;             # 动态 .sock
      uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;                             # 与uwsgi中的一致
      uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT app1.wsgi;                     # 入口文件，即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置，. 相当于一层目录
      uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /data0/python-django/app1;      # 项目根目录
    }

    # access_log  /data0/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;    # nginx日志
}

访问 dev.python.gocuber.com OK

到此环境已经搭建完毕，具体Django的开发说明参考Django官网 https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.0/intro/tutorial01/