QML自定义一个TreeView,使用ListView递归

0.前言

在 Qt5 的 QtQuick.Controls 2.x 中还没有 TreeView 这个控件(在 Qt6 中出了一个继承自 TableView 的 TreeView),而且 QtQuick.Controls 1.x 中的也需要配合 C++ model 来自定义,对于一些简单的需求还要写 C++ model 就显得费事儿。

参照别人的自定义 TreeView 实现,我也使用 ListView 嵌套的方式做了一个简易的 TreeView,主要功能就是根据 json 结构来生成一个树状列表。

(2022-05-28)在最初的版本没考虑 ListView 超过 cache 范围自动销毁的问题,改版后勾选等状态放到外部数组中,释放后重新创建 delegate item 时,会从外部数组中取值进行判断该 item 是否勾选。

1.展示

先看看ui效果图-1和自己的demo图-2。三级目录,其中最后一级是勾选框。我用黑色表示无子项,白色有子项已展开,灰色有子项未展开,绿色已勾选,红色未勾选。实际使用时会替换为image。

     

//PS.后面完善了下,效果如下图

代码github:https://github.com/gongjianbo/QmlTreeView

主要代码:

//TreeView.qml

import QtQuick 2.7
import QtQuick.Controls 2.7

//代码仅供参考,很多地方都不完善
//还有一些样式没有导出,可以根据需求自己定义
//因为ListView有回收策略,除非cacheBuffer设置很大,所以状态不能保存在delegate.item中
//需要用外部变量或者model来存储delegate.item的状态
Rectangle {
    id: control

    property string currentItem //当前选中item

    property int spacing: 10    //项之间距离
    property int indent: 5      //子项缩进距离,注意实际还有icon的距离
    property string onSrc: "qrc:/img/on.png"
    property string offSrc: "qrc:/img/off.png"
    property string checkedSrc: "qrc:/img/check.png"
    property string uncheckSrc: "qrc:/img/uncheck.png"

    property var checkedArray: [] //当前已勾选的items
    property bool autoExpand: true

    //背景
    color: Qt.rgba(2/255,19/255,23/255,128/255)
    border.color: "darkCyan"
    property alias model: list_view.model
    ListView {
        id: list_view
        anchors.fill: parent
        anchors.margins: 10
        //model: //model由外部设置,通过解析json
        property string viewFlag: ""
        delegate: list_delegate
        clip: true
        onModelChanged: {
            console.log('model change')
            checkedArray=[]; //model切换的时候把之前的选中列表清空
        }
    }
    Component {
        id: list_delegate
        Row{
            id: list_itemgroup
            spacing: 5
            property string parentFlag: ListView.view.viewFlag
            //以字符串来标记item
            //字符串内容为parent.itemFlag+model.index
            property string itemFlag: parentFlag+"-"+(model.index+1)

            //canvas 画项之间的连接线
            Canvas {
                id: list_canvas
                width: item_titleicon.width+10
                height: list_itemcol.height
                //开了反走样,线会模糊看起来加粗了
                antialiasing: false
                //最后一项的连接线没有尾巴
                property bool isLastItem: (model.index===list_itemgroup.ListView.view.count-1)
                onPaint: {
                    var ctx = getContext("2d")
                    var i=0
                    //ctx.setLineDash([4,2]); 遇到个大问题,不能画虚线
                    // setup the stroke
                    ctx.strokeStyle = Qt.rgba(201/255,202/255,202/255,1)
                    ctx.lineWidth=1
                    // create a path
                    ctx.beginPath()
                    //用短线段来实现虚线效果,判断里-3是防止width(4)超过判断长度
                    //此外还有5的偏移是因为我image是透明背景的,为了不污染到图标
                    //这里我是虚线长4,间隔2,加起来就是6一次循环
                    //效果勉强
                    ctx.moveTo(width/2,0) //如果第一个item虚线是从左侧拉过来,要改很多
                    for(i=0;i<list_itemrow.height/2-5-3;i+=6){
                        ctx.lineTo(width/2,i+4);
                        ctx.moveTo(width/2,i+6);
                    }

                    ctx.moveTo(width/2+5,list_itemrow.height/2)
                    for(i=width/2+5;i<width-3;i+=6){
                        ctx.lineTo(i+4,list_itemrow.height/2);
                        ctx.moveTo(i+6,list_itemrow.height/2);
                    }

                    if(!isLastItem){
                        ctx.moveTo(width/2,list_itemrow.height/2+5)
                        for(i=list_itemrow.height/2+5;i<height-3;i+=6){
                            ctx.lineTo(width/2,i+4);
                            ctx.moveTo(width/2,i+6);
                        }
                        //ctx.lineTo(10,height)
                    }
                    // stroke path
                    ctx.stroke()
                }

                //项图标框--可以是ractangle或者image
                Image {
                    id: item_titleicon
                    visible: false
                    //如果是centerIn的话展开之后就跑到中间去了
                    anchors.left: parent.left
                    anchors.top: parent.top
                    anchors.leftMargin: list_canvas.width/2-width/2
                    anchors.topMargin: list_itemrow.height/2-width/2
                    //根据是否有子项/是否展开加载不同的图片/颜色
                    //color: item_repeater.count
                    //      ?item_sub.visible?"white":"gray"
                    //:"black"
                    //这里没子项或者子项未展开未off,展开了为on
                    source: item_repeater.count?item_sub.visible?offSrc:onSrc:offSrc

                    MouseArea{
                        anchors.fill: parent
                        onClicked: {
                            if(item_repeater.count)
                                item_sub.visible=!item_sub.visible;
                        }
                    }
                }

                //项勾选框--可以是ractangle或者image
                Image {
                    id: item_optionicon
                    visible: false
                    width: 10
                    height: 10
                    anchors.left: parent.left
                    anchors.top: parent.top
                    anchors.leftMargin: list_canvas.width/2-width/2
                    anchors.topMargin: list_itemrow.height/2-width/2
                    property bool checked: isChecked(itemFlag)
                    //勾选框
                    //color: checked
                    //       ?"lightgreen"
                    //       :"red"
                    source: checked?checkedSrc:uncheckSrc
                    MouseArea {
                        anchors.fill: parent
                        onClicked: {
                            item_optionicon.checked=!item_optionicon.checked;
                            if(item_optionicon.checked){
                                check(itemFlag);
                            }else{
                                uncheck(itemFlag);
                            }
                            var str="checked ";
                            for(var i in checkedArray)
                                str+=String(checkedArray[i])+" ";
                            console.log(str)
                        }
                    }
                }

            }

            //项内容:包含一行item和子项的listview
            Column {
                id: list_itemcol

                //这一项的内容,这里只加了一个text
                Row {
                    id: list_itemrow
                    width: control.width
                    height: item_text.contentHeight+control.spacing
                    spacing: 5

                    Rectangle {
                        height: item_text.contentHeight+control.spacing
                        width: parent.width
                        anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
                        color: (control.currentItem===itemFlag)
                               ?Qt.rgba(101/255,255/255,255/255,38/255)
                               :"transparent"

                        Text {
                            id: item_text
                            anchors.left: parent.left
                            anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
                            text: modelData.text
                            font.pixelSize: 14
                            font.family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"
                            color: Qt.rgba(101/255,1,1,1)
                        }

                        MouseArea {
                            anchors.fill: parent
                            onClicked: {
                                control.currentItem=itemFlag;
                                console.log("selected",itemFlag)
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    Component.onCompleted: {
                        if(modelData.istitle){
                            item_titleicon.visible=true;
                        }else if(modelData.isoption){
                            item_optionicon.visible=true;
                        }
                    }
                }

                //放子项
                Column {
                    id: item_sub
                    //也可以像check一样用一个expand数组保存展开状态
                    visible: control.autoExpand
                    //上级左侧距离=小图标宽+x偏移
                    x: control.indent
                    Item {
                        width: 10
                        height: item_repeater.contentHeight
                        //需要加个item来撑开,如果用Repeator获取不到count
                        ListView {
                            id: item_repeater
                            anchors.fill: parent
                            delegate: list_delegate
                            model: modelData.subnodes
                            property string viewFlag: itemFlag
                        }
                    }
                }

            }
        }//end list_itemgroup
    }//end list_delegate

    //勾选时放入arr中
    function check(itemFlag){
        checkedArray.push(itemFlag);
    }

    //取消勾选时从arr移除
    function uncheck(itemFlag){
        var i = checkedArray.length;

        while (i--) {
            if (checkedArray[i] === itemFlag) {
                checkedArray.splice(i,1);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    //判断是否check
    function isChecked(itemFlag){
        var i = checkedArray.length;

        while (i--) {
            if (checkedArray[i] === itemFlag) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

//main.qml

import QtQuick 2.7
import QtQuick.Controls 2.7
import QtQuick.Window 2.7

Window {
    id: root_window
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("QmlTreeView By GongJianBo")
    color: Qt.rgba(3/255,26/255,35/255,1)

    //滚动条可以自己设置
    //ListView横向滚动条需要设置如下两个参数(如果是竖向的ListView)
    //contentWidth: 500
    //flickableDirection: Flickable.AutoFlickIfNeeded
    TreeView{
        id: item_tree
        width: parent.width/2
        anchors{
            left: parent.left
            top: parent.top
            bottom: parent.bottom
            margins: 10
        }
        //model: []

        //set model data
        Component.onCompleted: {
            console.log(1)
            root_window.setTestDataA();
            console.log(2)
        }
    }

    Column{
        anchors{
            right: parent.right
            top: parent.top
            margins: 10
        }
        spacing: 10
        Button{
            text: "ChangeModel"
            checkable: true
            //changed model data
            onClicked: {
                if(checked){
                    root_window.setTestDataB();
                }else{
                    root_window.setTestDataA();
                }
            }
        }
        Button{
            text: "AutoExpand"
            onClicked: item_tree.autoExpand=!item_tree.autoExpand
        }
    }

    function setTestDataA(){
        item_tree.model=JSON.parse('[
        {
            "text":"1 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"1-1 two","istitle":true},
                {
                    "text":"1-2 two",
                    "istitle":true,
                    "subnodes":[
                        {"text":"1-2-1 three","isoption":true},
                        {"text":"1-2-2 three","isoption":true}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "text":"2 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"2-1 two","istitle":true},
                {
                    "text":"2-2 two",
                    "istitle":true,
                    "subnodes":[
                        {"text":"2-2-1 three","isoption":true},
                        {"text":"2-2-2 three","isoption":true}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "text":"3 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"3-1 two","istitle":true},
                {"text":"3-2 two","istitle":true}
            ]
        },
        {
            "text":"4 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"4-1 two","istitle":true},
                {
                    "text":"4-2 two",
                    "istitle":true,
                    "subnodes":[
                        {"text":"4-2-1 three","isoption":true},
                        {"text":"4-2-2 three","isoption":true}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "text":"5 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"5-1 two","istitle":true},
                {
                    "text":"5-2 two",
                    "istitle":true,
                    "subnodes":[
                        {"text":"5-2-1 three","isoption":true},
                        {"text":"5-2-2 three","isoption":true}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "text":"6 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"6-1 two","istitle":true},
                {"text":"6-2 two","istitle":true}
            ]
        }
    ]')
    }

    function setTestDataB(){
        item_tree.model=JSON.parse('[
        {
            "text":"1 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {
                    "text":"1-1 two",
                    "istitle":true,
                    "subnodes":[
                        {"text":"1-1-1 three","isoption":true},
                        {"text":"1-1-2 three","isoption":true}
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "text":"1-2 two",
                    "istitle":true,
                    "subnodes":[
                        {"text":"1-2-1 three","isoption":true},
                        {"text":"1-2-2 three","isoption":true}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "text":"2 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"2-1 two","istitle":true},
                {
                    "text":"2-2 two",
                    "istitle":true,
                    "subnodes":[
                        {"text":"2-2-1 three","isoption":true},
                        {"text":"2-2-2 three","isoption":true}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {"text":"3 one","istitle":true},
        {
            "text":"4 one",
            "istitle":true,
            "subnodes":[
                {"text":"4-1 two","istitle":true},
                {"text":"4-2 two","istitle":true}
            ]
        }
    ]')
    }
}

2.参考

思路参考:https://github.com/peihaowang/QmlTreeWidget

ListView 文档:https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qml-qtquick-listview.html

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