Drawable资源概述:
一种可以通过getDrawable(int)方法获取到的,或者可以通过android:drawable和android:icon属性应用到XML文件的资源。个人理解,可以转成Drawable对象的资源。
Drawable资源分类:
可当做drawable处理的资源有一下几类:
1、图片文件,包括.9图片文件。
2、LayerDrawable类,或者以<layer-list>为根节点,<item>为子节点的xml文件。
如:ProgressBar的一级进度色和二级进度色,用的就是这种资源。
3、StateListDrawable类,或者以<selector>为根节点,<item>为子节点的xml文件。<item>节点内通过android:state_pressed等属性判断该item的显示与否。
如:按钮的点击效果。
4、LevelListDrawable类,或者以<level-list>为根节点,<item>为子节点的xml文件。<item>节点内通过android:maxLevel属性判断等级范围来决定item的显示与否。
如:活动类型图标,可通过ImageView的setImageLevel方法,通过设置等级来显示不同图标。
5、TransitionDrawable类,或者以<transition>为根节点,<item>为子节点的XML文件。通过TransitionDrawable的startTransition(int seconds)来执行item依次渐变。
如:常用嵌入其他节点使用。
6、InsetDrawable类,或者以<inset>为根节点的XML文件。通过android:insetTop等属性设置距背景图顶部的距离,类似于paddingTop。
如:常用嵌入其他节点使用。
7、ClipDrawable类,或者以<clip>为根节点的XML文件。通过android:clipOrientation等属性设置裁剪方向。
如:ProgressBar的进度条,就是通过裁剪实现的。通过drawable.setLevel设置裁剪,默认level是0,完全裁剪,图片不显示;当level为10,000时,不裁剪。
8、ScaleDrawable类,或者以<scale>为根节点的XML文件。通过android:scaleHeight等属性设置缩放方向和比例。
9、GradientDrawable类,或者以<shape>为根节点,<corners><gradient><padding><size><solid><stroke>为子节点的XML文件。
如:圆角描边的按钮。<solid>表示填充,只能设置颜色;stroke表示描边,可设置粗细和颜色等。
10、AnimationDrawable类,或者以<animation-list>为根节点,<item>为子节点的XML文件。通过animationDrawable.start()方法,依次显示item的图片,俗称帧动画。
如:正在加载的提示动画,每个item设置的android:duration为50的话,那么表示每秒加载20帧。而电视机播放的动画影片,不过每秒25帧左右,每帧对应一张图画。
<gradient>元素属性解释:
android:angle integer 渐变梯度的角度,以度为单位。0表示从左至右渐变,90表示从下至上渐变。该值需为45的倍数,默认为0。
android:centerX Float 渐变梯度(0~1.0)的中心位置的X坐标。
android:centerY Float 渐变梯度(0~1.0)的中心位置的Y坐标。
Drawable Resources
See also
A drawable resource is a general concept for a graphic that can be drawn to the screen and which you can retrieve with APIs such as getDrawable(int)
or apply to another XML resource with attributes such as android:drawable
and android:icon
. There are several different types of drawables:
-
Bitmap File
-
A bitmap graphic file (
.png
,.jpg
, or.gif
). Creates aBitmapDrawable
.
Nine-Patch File
-
A PNG file with stretchable regions to allow image resizing based on content (
.9.png
). Creates aNinePatchDrawable
.
Layer List
-
A Drawable that manages an array of other Drawables. These are drawn in array order, so the element with the largest index is be drawn on top. Creates a
LayerDrawable
.
State List
-
An XML file that references different bitmap graphics for different states (for example, to use a different image when a button is pressed). Creates a
StateListDrawable
.
Level List
-
An XML file that defines a drawable that manages a number of alternate Drawables, each assigned a maximum numerical value. Creates a
LevelListDrawable
.
Transition Drawable
-
An XML file that defines a drawable that can cross-fade between two drawable resources. Creates a
TransitionDrawable
.
Inset Drawable
- An XML file that defines a drawable that insets another drawable by a specified distance. This is useful when a View needs a background drawble that is smaller than the View's actual bounds. Clip Drawable
-
An XML file that defines a drawable that clips another Drawable based on this Drawable's current level value. Creates a
ClipDrawable
.
Scale Drawable
-
An XML file that defines a drawable that changes the size of another Drawable based on its current level value. Creates a
ScaleDrawable
Shape Drawable
-
An XML file that defines a geometric shape, including colors and gradients. Creates a
ShapeDrawable
.
Also see the Animation Resource document for how to create an AnimationDrawable
.
Note: A color resource can also be used as a drawable in XML. For example, when creating a state list drawable, you can reference a color resource for the android:drawable
attribute (android:drawable="@color/green"
).
Bitmap
A bitmap image. Android supports bitmap files in three formats: .png
(preferred), .jpg
(acceptable), .gif
(discouraged).
You can reference a bitmap file directly, using the filename as the resource ID, or create an alias resource ID in XML.
Note: Bitmap files may be automatically optimized with lossless image compression by the aapt
tool during the build process. For example, a true-color PNG that does not require more than 256 colors may be converted to an 8-bit PNG with a color palette. This will result in an image of equal quality but which requires less memory. So be aware that the image binaries placed in this directory can change during the build. If you plan on reading an image as a bit stream in order to convert it to a bitmap, put your images in the res/raw/
folder instead, where they will not be optimized.
Bitmap File
A bitmap file is a .png
, .jpg
, or .gif
file. Android creates a Drawable
resource for any of these files when you save them in the res/drawable/
directory.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.png
(.png
,.jpg
, or.gif
)
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
BitmapDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
EXAMPLE:
-
With an image saved at
res/drawable/myimage.png
, this layout XML applies the image to a View:<ImageView android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/myimage" />
The following application code retrieves the image as a
Drawable
:Resources res =
getResources()
; Drawable drawable = res.getDrawable
(R.drawable.myimage);
SEE ALSO:
XML Bitmap
An XML bitmap is a resource defined in XML that points to a bitmap file. The effect is an alias for a raw bitmap file. The XML can specify additional properties for the bitmap such as dithering and tiling.
Note: You can use a <bitmap>
element as a child of an <item>
element. For example, when creating a state list or layer list, you can exclude the android:drawable
attribute from an <item>
element and nest a <bitmap>
inside it that defines the drawable item.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
BitmapDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <bitmap xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:src="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource" android:antialias=["true" | "false"] android:dither=["true" | "false"] android:filter=["true" | "false"] android:gravity=["top" | "bottom" | "left" | "right" | "center_vertical" | "fill_vertical" | "center_horizontal" | "fill_horizontal" | "center" | "fill" | "clip_vertical" | "clip_horizontal"] android:mipMap=["true" | "false"] android:tileMode=["disabled" | "clamp" | "repeat" | "mirror"] />
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <bitmap xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:src="@drawable/icon" android:tileMode="repeat" />
SEE ALSO:
Nine-Patch
A NinePatch
is a PNG image in which you can define stretchable regions that Android scales when content within the View exceeds the normal image bounds. You typically assign this type of image as the background of a View that has at least one dimension set to "wrap_content"
, and when the View grows to accomodate the content, the Nine-Patch image is also scaled to match the size of the View. An example use of a Nine-Patch image is the background used by Android's standard Button
widget, which must stretch to accommodate the text (or image) inside the button.
Same as with a normal bitmap, you can reference a Nine-Patch file directly or from a resource defined by XML.
For a complete discussion about how to create a Nine-Patch file with stretchable regions, see the 2D Graphics document.
Nine-Patch File
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.9.png
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
NinePatchDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
EXAMPLE:
-
With an image saved at
res/drawable/myninepatch.9.png
, this layout XML applies the Nine-Patch to a View:<Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:background="@drawable/myninepatch" />
SEE ALSO:
XML Nine-Patch
An XML Nine-Patch is a resource defined in XML that points to a Nine-Patch file. The XML can specify dithering for the image.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
NinePatchDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <nine-patch xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:src="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource" android:dither=["true" | "false"] />
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <nine-patch xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:src="@drawable/myninepatch" android:dither="false" />
Layer List
A LayerDrawable
is a drawable object that manages an array of other drawables. Each drawable in the list is drawn in the order of the list—the last drawable in the list is drawn on top.
Each drawable is represented by an <item>
element inside a single <layer-list>
element.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
LayerDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <item android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource" android:id="@[+][package:]id/resource_name" android:top="dimension" android:right="dimension" android:bottom="dimension" android:left="dimension" /> </layer-list>
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
XML file saved at
res/drawable/layers.xml
:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item> <bitmap android:src="@drawable/android_red" android:gravity="center" /> </item> <item android:top="10dp" android:left="10dp"> <bitmap android:src="@drawable/android_green" android:gravity="center" /> </item> <item android:top="20dp" android:left="20dp"> <bitmap android:src="@drawable/android_blue" android:gravity="center" /> </item> </layer-list>
Notice that this example uses a nested
<bitmap>
element to define the drawable resource for each item with a "center" gravity. This ensures that none of the images are scaled to fit the size of the container, due to resizing caused by the offset images.This layout XML applies the drawable to a View:
<ImageView android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/layers" />
The result is a stack of increasingly offset images:
SEE ALSO:
State List
A StateListDrawable
is a drawable object defined in XML that uses a several different images to represent the same graphic, depending on the state of the object. For example, a Button
widget can exist in one of several different states (pressed, focused, or neither) and, using a state list drawable, you can provide a different background image for each state.
You can describe the state list in an XML file. Each graphic is represented by an <item>
element inside a single <selector>
element. Each <item>
uses various attributes to describe the state in which it should be used as the graphic for the drawable.
During each state change, the state list is traversed top to bottom and the first item that matches the current state is used—the selection is not based on the "best match," but simply the first item that meets the minimum criteria of the state.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
StateListDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:constantSize=["true" | "false"] android:dither=["true" | "false"] android:variablePadding=["true" | "false"] > <item android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource" android:state_pressed=["true" | "false"] android:state_focused=["true" | "false"] android:state_hovered=["true" | "false"] android:state_selected=["true" | "false"] android:state_checkable=["true" | "false"] android:state_checked=["true" | "false"] android:state_enabled=["true" | "false"] android:state_activated=["true" | "false"] android:state_window_focused=["true" | "false"] /> </selector>
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
XML file saved at
res/drawable/button.xml
:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@drawable/button_pressed" /> <!-- pressed --> <item android:state_focused="true" android:drawable="@drawable/button_focused" /> <!-- focused --> <item android:state_hovered="true" android:drawable="@drawable/button_focused" /> <!-- hovered --> <item android:drawable="@drawable/button_normal" /> <!-- default --> </selector>
This layout XML applies the state list drawable to a Button:
<Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:background="@drawable/button" />
SEE ALSO:
Level List
A Drawable that manages a number of alternate Drawables, each assigned a maximum numerical value. Setting the level value of the drawable with setLevel()
loads the drawable resource in the level list that has a android:maxLevel
value greater than or equal to the value passed to the method.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
LevelListDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <level-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <item android:drawable="@drawable/drawable_resource" android:maxLevel="integer" android:minLevel="integer" /> </level-list>
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <level-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <item android:drawable="@drawable/status_off" android:maxLevel="0" /> <item android:drawable="@drawable/status_on" android:maxLevel="1" /> </level-list>
Once this is applied to a
View
, the level can be changed withsetLevel()
orsetImageLevel()
.
SEE ALSO:
Transition Drawable
A TransitionDrawable
is a drawable object that can cross-fade between the two drawable resources.
Each drawable is represented by an <item>
element inside a single <transition>
element. No more than two items are supported. To transition forward, call startTransition()
. To transition backward, call reverseTransition()
.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
TransitionDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <transition xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <item android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource" android:id="@[+][package:]id/resource_name" android:top="dimension" android:right="dimension" android:bottom="dimension" android:left="dimension" /> </transition>
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
XML file saved at
res/drawable/transition.xml
:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <transition xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:drawable="@drawable/on" /> <item android:drawable="@drawable/off" /> </transition>
This layout XML applies the drawable to a View:
<ImageButton android:id="@+id/button" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/transition" />
And the following code performs a 500ms transition from the first item to the second:
ImageButton button = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.button); TransitionDrawable drawable = (TransitionDrawable) button.getDrawable(); drawable.startTransition(500);
SEE ALSO:
Inset Drawable
A drawable defined in XML that insets another drawable by a specified distance. This is useful when a View needs a background that is smaller than the View's actual bounds.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
InsetDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <inset xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable="@drawable/drawable_resource" android:insetTop="dimension" android:insetRight="dimension" android:insetBottom="dimension" android:insetLeft="dimension" />
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <inset xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable="@drawable/background" android:insetTop="10dp" android:insetLeft="10dp" />
SEE ALSO:
Clip Drawable
A drawable defined in XML that clips another drawable based on this Drawable's current level. You can control how much the child drawable gets clipped in width and height based on the level, as well as a gravity to control where it is placed in its overall container. Most often used to implement things like progress bars.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
ClipDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <clip xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable="@drawable/drawable_resource" android:clipOrientation=["horizontal" | "vertical"] android:gravity=["top" | "bottom" | "left" | "right" | "center_vertical" | "fill_vertical" | "center_horizontal" | "fill_horizontal" | "center" | "fill" | "clip_vertical" | "clip_horizontal"] />
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
XML file saved at
res/drawable/clip.xml
:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <clip xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable="@drawable/android" android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:gravity="left" />
The following layout XML applies the clip drawable to a View:
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image" android:background="@drawable/clip" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" />
The following code gets the drawable and increases the amount of clipping in order to progressively reveal the image:
ImageView imageview = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image); ClipDrawable drawable = (ClipDrawable) imageview.getBackground(); drawable.setLevel(drawable.getLevel() + 1000);
Increasing the level reduces the amount of clipping and slowly reveals the image. Here it is at a level of 7000:
Note: The default level is 0, which is fully clipped so the image is not visible. When the level is 10,000, the image is not clipped and completely visible.
SEE ALSO:
Scale Drawable
A drawable defined in XML that changes the size of another drawable based on its current level.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
ScaleDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <scale xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable="@drawable/drawable_resource" android:scaleGravity=["top" | "bottom" | "left" | "right" | "center_vertical" | "fill_vertical" | "center_horizontal" | "fill_horizontal" | "center" | "fill" | "clip_vertical" | "clip_horizontal"] android:scaleHeight="percentage" android:scaleWidth="percentage" />
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <scale xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable="@drawable/logo" android:scaleGravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal" android:scaleHeight="80%" android:scaleWidth="80%" />
SEE ALSO:
Shape Drawable
This is a generic shape defined in XML.
-
FILE LOCATION:
-
res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.
COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
-
Resource pointer to a
GradientDrawable
.
RESOURCE REFERENCE:
-
In Java:
R.drawable.filename
In XML:@[package:]drawable/filename
SYNTAX:
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:shape=["rectangle" | "oval" | "line" | "ring"] > <corners android:radius="integer" android:topLeftRadius="integer" android:topRightRadius="integer" android:bottomLeftRadius="integer" android:bottomRightRadius="integer" /> <gradient android:angle="integer" android:centerX="float" android:centerY="float" android:centerColor="integer" android:endColor="color" android:gradientRadius="integer" android:startColor="color" android:type=["linear" | "radial" | "sweep"] android:useLevel=["true" | "false"] /> <padding android:left="integer" android:top="integer" android:right="integer" android:bottom="integer" /> <size android:width="integer" android:height="integer" /> <solid android:color="color" /> <stroke android:width="integer" android:color="color" android:dashWidth="integer" android:dashGap="integer" /> </shape>
ELEMENTS:
- EXAMPLE:
-
XML file saved at
res/drawable/gradient_box.xml
:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:shape="rectangle"> <gradient android:startColor="#FFFF0000" android:endColor="#80FF00FF" android:angle="45"/> <padding android:left="7dp" android:top="7dp" android:right="7dp" android:bottom="7dp" /> <corners android:radius="8dp" /> </shape>
This layout XML applies the shape drawable to a View:
<TextView android:background="@drawable/gradient_box" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" />
This application code gets the shape drawable and applies it to a View:
Resources res =
getResources()
; Drawable shape = res.getDrawable
(R.drawable.gradient_box); TextView tv = (TextView)findViewByID(R.id.textview); tv.setBackground(shape);
SEE ALSO: