iOS基础：NSUserDefault

一、NSUserDefault介绍

iOS下可以使用NSUserDefault、NSKeyedArchiver、sqlite、CoreData几种常用的方式来存储数据，其中NSUserDefaults用来存储类似用户的配置等这些的数据，后两者用户存储大批量和比较复杂的数据。

NSUserDefault 基本上支持所有的原生数据类型NSString、 NSNumber、NSDate、 NSArray、NSDictionary、BOOL、NSInteger、NSFloat等等。如果要存放自定义的对象（如自定义的类对象），则必须将其转换成NSData存储。

二、NSUserDefault存储和获取数据

//存储数据
 NSUserDefaults * user = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[user setObject:currentVersion forKey:CZVersionKey];
//需要注意的是，NSUserDefaults是定时把缓存中的数据写入磁盘的，而不是即时写入，为了防止在写完NSUserDefaults后程序退出导致的数据丢失，可以在写入数据后使用synchronize强制立即将数据写入磁盘：
//运行下面的语句后，NSUserDefaults中的数据即被写入到.plist文件中，如果是在模拟器上运行程序，可以在Mac的/Users/YOUR-USERNAME/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.1/Applications/YOUR-APP-DIR/Library/Prefereces目录下面找到一个文件名为YOUR-Bundle_Identifier.plist的plist文件，用Xcode打开该文件，可以看到刚才写入的数据。
[user synchronize];

//删除数据
NSUserDefaults * user = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[user  removeObjectForKey:CZVersionKey];

//获取数据
NSUserDefaults * user = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
NSString * lastVersion = [user objectForKey:CZVersionKey];

三、转NSData进行存储

//UIImage 实例不能进行存储
-(void)imageUserDefault{
    UIImage * image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"1"];
#if 0
    //报错 - [User Defaults] Attempt to set a non-property-list object <UIImage: 0x60800008ece0>, {0, 0} as an NSUserDefaults/CFPreferences value for key image
    [self setObject:image withKey:@"image"];
#else
    //UIImage 实例需要转换为NSData进行存储
    NSData *data = nil;
    if (UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) == nil) {
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1);
    } else {
        data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
    }
    [self setObject:data withKey:@"image"];
    NSData * getImageData = [self getObjectWithKey:@"image"];
    NSLog(@"getImageData = %@",getImageData);
    UIImage * getImage = [UIImage imageWithData:getImageData];
    NSLog(@"getImage = %@",getImage);
#endif
    
}

//自定义对象 不能进行存储
-(void)customClassUserDefault{
    MYView * myView = [[MYView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
#if 0
    //报错 - Attempt to set a non-property-list object <MYView: 0x7f8b1060b810; frame = (0 0; 375 667); layer = <CALayer: 0x608000034a60>> as an NSUserDefaults/CFPreferences value for key myView
    //要想对自定义对象进行存储需要将自定义对象进行归档
    [self setObject:myView withKey:@"myView"];
#else
    NSData * myData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:myView];
    [self setObject:myData withKey:@"myData"];
    NSData * getMyData = [self getObjectWithKey:@"myData"];
    NSLog(@"getMyData = %@",getMyData);
    MYView * getMyView = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:getMyData];
    NSLog(@"getMyView = %@",getMyView);
    //要想MYView实例的属性能存入需要实现coding协议
    NSLog(@"getMyView.mySring = %@",getMyView.myString);
#endif
}

四、利用NSUserDefault判断程序启动

//抽出一个工具类在.h文件中代码如下：
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface FirstLaunchTool : NSObject

+(BOOL)isFirstLaunchOfToday;
+(BOOL)isFirstLaunch;

@end
//.m文件中代码如下：
+(BOOL)isFirstLaunch{
    
    NSUserDefaults * user = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    NSString * firstStr = [user objectForKey:@"firstLaunch"];
    if (!firstStr) {
        [user setObject:@"firstLaunch" forKey:@"firstLaunch"];
        return YES;
    }
    else{
        
        return NO;
    }
    
    
}

+(BOOL)isFirstLaunchOfToday{
    
    //获取今天的时间
    NSDate * date = [NSDate date];
    NSDateFormatter * formatter = [[ NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyyMMdd";
    NSString * today = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
    
    //与存储时间对比
    NSUserDefaults * user =[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    NSString * yesterday = [user objectForKey:@"today"];
    if ([today isEqualToString:yesterday]) {
        
        NSString * countStr = [user objectForKey:@"count"];
        NSUInteger count = [countStr integerValue];
        count+=1;
        [user setObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu",count] forKey:@"count"];
        [user synchronize];
        return NO;
    }
    else{
        
        [user setObject:today forKey:@"today"];
        [user setObject:@"0" forKey:@"count"];
        [user synchronize];
        return YES;
        
    }
}
//在Appdelegate.m文件中添加如下代码
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
//判断是不是第一次启动程序
    BOOL bl = [FirstLaunchTool isFirstLaunch];
    if (bl) {
        NSLog(@"第一次启动");
    }
    else{
        
        NSLog(@"不是第一次启动");
    }
//判断今天是不是第一次启动程序。
    BOOL bl1 = [FirstLaunchTool isFirstLaunchOfToday];
    if (bl1) {
        NSLog(@"今天第一次登陆");
    }
    else{
        NSLog(@"不是今天第一次登陆");
    }
    return YES;
}

参考资料：

1、 iOS数据持久化之使用NSUserDefaults存储数据 - IOS - 次元立方网 - 电脑知识与技术互动交流平台