CentOS7配置开机自启动Tomcat8

一、概述

最近遇到一个运维需求，为了解决服务器断电、崩溃等意外后重启导致服务不能访问的问题，需要将Tomcat设置为开机自启动。
总体思路是：将tomcat配置成系统服务，再将服务配置成开机自启动。

二、步骤

2.1 安装tomcat8

过程略。

2.2 创建tomcat8服务文件：

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service。

内容为：

[Unit]
Description=tomcat service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

说明：
ExecStart、ExecStop分别为tomcat安装路径下的启动、关闭脚本文件。

2.3 配置tomcat开机启动：

• 设置tomcat开机启动：

systemctl enable tomcat

• 修改tomcat.service文件后需要执行下面命令使其生效：

systemctl daemon-reload

2.4 其他命令

查看全部服务命令：
systemctl list-unit-files --type service
查看服务
systemctl status name.service
启动服务
systemctl start name.service
停止服务
systemctl stop name.service
重启服务
systemctl restart name.service增加开机启动
systemctl enable name.service
删除开机启动
systemctl disable name.service

2.5 验证服务是否配置成功

重启服务器，执行命令：

ps -aux | grep tomcat

如果启动失败，查看tomcat状态：

systemctl status tomcat

三、遇到问题

• tomcat开机自启动失败

tomcat.service - tomcat
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2021-03-16 14:23:32 EDT; 3min 33s ago
  Process: 1402 ExecStart=/root/apache-tomcat-8.0.53/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 1402 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting tomcat...
 localhost.localdomain startup.sh[1402]: Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
 localhost.localdomain startup.sh[1402]: At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program
 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: tomcat.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start tomcat.
localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit tomcat.service entered failed state.
 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: tomcat.service failed.

关键句：

Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined

显然是java环境变量没有生效或者被识别。

• 查看java环境变量

java -version

解决方法

设置环境变量， vi /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh，添加：

# JDK
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_171
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_171/jre