在类中定义引用类型成员变量

在类中可以定义引用类型的成员变量，但是必须在构造函数之前完成初始化，也就是必须在构造函数的初始化列表中完成初始化。

class Functor
{
public:
    // The constructor.
    explicit Functor(int& evenCount) 
        : _evenCount(evenCount)
    {
        //_evenCount = evenCount;
    }

    // The function-call operator prints whether the number is
    // even or odd. If the number is even, this method updates
    // the counter.
    void operator()(int n)
    {
        cout << n;

        if (n % 2 == 0) 
        {
            cout << " is even " << endl;

            // Increment the counter.
            _evenCount++;
        }
        else 
        {
            cout << " is odd " << endl;
        }
    }

private:
    int& _evenCount; // the number of even variables in the vector
};

注意如果将初始化列表去掉，改为在构造函数中初始化，则编译器会提示：

error C2758: 'Functor::_evenCount' : must be initialized in constructor base/member initializer list