计算机视觉-中值滤波

中值滤波：将n*n范围内像素点排序，选择其中值的灰度值来代替中间的灰度值

如：以3*3的领域为例求中值滤波中像素5的值

1）int pixel[9]中存储像素1，像素2...像素9的值；

2）对数组pixel[9]进行排序操作；

3）像素5的值即为数组pixel[9]的中值pixel[4]。中值滤波对处理椒盐噪声非常有效。

均值滤波：就是以n*n范围内的像素平均值代替中间像素值。

像素1的值则为sum（1...9）/9

中值滤波OpenCV代码：

import cv2
import numpy as np
def salt(img,n):
    for k in range(n):
        i = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[1])
        j = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[0])
        if img.ndim == 2:
            img[j,i] = 255
        elif img.ndim == 3:
            img[j,i,0] = 255
            img[j,i,1] = 255
            img[j,i,2] = 255
    return img
def nosalt(img,n):
    for k in range(n):
        i = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[1])
        j = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[0])
        if img.ndim == 2:
            img[j,i] = 0
        elif img.ndim == 3:
            img[j,i,0] = 0
            img[j,i,1] = 0
            img[j,i,2] = 0
    return img
               
if __name__=='__main__':
    path = 'E:/zhz/'
    img = cv2.imread(path+"lena.jpg",0)
    SNR = 0.9
    noiseNum = int((1-SNR)*img.shape[0]*img.shape[1])
    saltImg = salt(img,noiseNum)
    saltImg = nosalt(saltImg,noiseNum)
    denoise3 = cv2.medianBlur(saltImg,3)
    denoise5 = cv2.medianBlur(saltImg,5)
    cv2.imshow("salt",saltImg)
    cv2.imshow("denoise3",denoise5)
    cv2.imwrite(path+"salt_lena.jpg",saltImg)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

中值滤波PIL代码：

import cv2
import numpy as np
def salt(img,n):
    for k in range(n):
        i = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[1])
        j = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[0])
        if img.ndim == 2:
            img[j,i] = 255
        elif img.ndim == 3:
            img[j,i,0] = 255
            img[j,i,1] = 255
            img[j,i,2] = 255
    return img
def nosalt(img,n):
    for k in range(n):
        i = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[1])
        j = int(np.random.random()*img.shape[0])
        if img.ndim == 2:
            img[j,i] = 0
        elif img.ndim == 3:
            img[j,i,0] = 0
            img[j,i,1] = 0
            img[j,i,2] = 0
    return img

def preFilter(img,n,x,y):
    sum_s = []
    for k in range(-int(n/2),int(n/2)+1):
        for m in range(-int(n/2),int(n/2)+1):
            sum_s.append(img[x+k,y+k])
    sum_s.sort()
    return sum_s[int((n*n/2)+1)]
def mediumFilter(img,n):
    resultImg = np.zeros((img.shape[0],img.shape[1]),dtype=img.dtype)
    for i in range(int(n/2),img.shape[0]-int(n/2)):
        for j in range(int(n/2),img.shape[1]-int(n/2)):
            resultImg[i,j] = preFilter(img,n,i,j)
    return resultImg             
if __name__=='__main__':
    path = 'E:/zhz/'
    img = cv2.imread(path+"lena.jpg",0)
    SNR = 0.9
    noiseNum = int((1-SNR)*img.shape[0]*img.shape[1])
    saltImg = salt(img,noiseNum)
    saltImg = nosalt(saltImg,noiseNum)
    denoise3 = mediumFilter(saltImg,5)
    #cvdenoise3 = cv2.medianBlur(saltImg,3)
    #denoise5 = cv2.medianBlur(saltImg,5)
    cv2.imshow("salt",saltImg)
    #cv2.imshow("cvdenoise3",cvdenoise3)
    cv2.imshow("denoise3",denoise3)
    cv2.imwrite(path+"salt_lena.jpg",saltImg)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

均值滤波：