链表,其实就是由多个节点组成,而节点就是由存放的值和指针组成。
package LinkedList;
public class LinkedList<E> {
private class Node {
private E e;
private Node next;
public Node(E e, Node next) {
this.e = e;
this.next = next;
}
public Node(E e) {
this(e, null);
}
public Node() {
this(null, null);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return e.toString();
}
}
//虚拟头节点(代表头节点的前一个节点-一个不存在的假节点)
private Node dummyHead;
//元素个数
private int size;
public LinkedList() {
dummyHead = new Node();
size = 0;
}
// 获取链表中的元素个数
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
// 返回链表是否为空
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
// 在链表的index(0-based)位置添加新的元素e
// 在链表中不是一个常用的操作,练习用:)
public void add(int index, E e) {
if (index < 0 || index > size) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("index is error");
}
//找到index位置的前一个节点
Node prev = dummyHead;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
prev = prev.next;
}
Node next = prev.next;
prev.next = new Node(e, next);
size++;
}
// 在链表头添加新的元素e
public void addFirst(E e) {
add(0, e);
}
// 在链表末尾添加新的元素e
public void addLast(E e) {
add(size, e);
}
// 获得链表的第index(0-based)个位置的元
public E get(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("index is error");
}
Node cur = dummyHead;
for (int i = 0; i <= index; i++) {
cur = cur.next;
}
return cur.e;
}
// 获得链表的第一个元素
public E getFirst() {
return get(0);
}
// 获得链表的最后一个元素
public E getLast() {
return get(size - 1);
}
// 修改链表的第index(0-based)个位置的元素为e
public void set(int index, E e) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("index is error");
}
Node cur = dummyHead;
for (int i = 0; i <= index; i++) {
cur = cur.next;
}
cur.e = e;
}
// 查找链表中是否有元素e
public boolean contains(E e) {
Node cur = dummyHead.next;
while (cur != null) {
if (cur.e.equals(e)) {
return true;
}
cur = cur.next;
}
return false;
}
// 从链表中删除index(0-based)位置的元素, 返回删除的元素
// 在链表中不是一个常用的操作,练习用:)
public E remove(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("index is error");
}
Node prev = dummyHead;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
prev = prev.next;
}
Node removeNode = prev.next;
prev.next = removeNode.next;
removeNode.next = null;
size--;
return removeNode.e;
}
// 从链表中删除第一个元素, 返回删除的元素
public E removeFirst() {
return remove(0);
}
// 从链表中删除最后一个元素, 返回删除的元素
public E removeLast() {
return remove(size - 1);
}
// 从链表中删除元素e
public void removeElement(E e) {
Node prev = dummyHead;
while(prev.next != null){
if(prev.next.e.equals(e)){
Node delNode = prev.next;
prev.next = delNode.next;
delNode.next = null;
size --;
}else {
prev = prev.next;
}
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
Node cur = dummyHead.next;
while(cur != null){
res.append(cur + "->");
cur = cur.next;
}
res.append("NULL");
return res.toString();
}
}
在上一章介绍了栈和队列,基于数组实现。 这里使用链表也可以实现:
栈:
public class LinkedListStack<E> implements Stack<E> {
private LinkedList<E> linkedList;
public LinkedListStack(){
linkedList = new LinkedList<E>();
}
@Override
public int getSize() {
return linkedList.getSize();
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return linkedList.isEmpty();
}
@Override
public void push(E e) {
linkedList.addFirst(e);
}
@Override
public E pop() {
return linkedList.removeFirst();
}
@Override
public E peek() {
return linkedList.getFirst();
}
}
也可以使用addLast(),removeLast(); 但是需要从头遍历到最后一个元素,时间复杂度变成了O(n)
队列:
public class LinkedListQueue<E> implements Queue<E> {
private LinkedList<E> linkedList;
public LinkedListQueue(){
linkedList = new LinkedList<E>();
}
@Override
public int getSize() {
return linkedList.getSize();
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return linkedList.isEmpty();
}
@Override
public void enqueue(E e) {
linkedList.addLast(e);
}
@Override
public E dequeue() {
return linkedList.removeFirst();
}
@Override
public E getFront() {
return linkedList.getFirst();
}
}
如上,删除的时间复杂度是O(1),添加的时间复杂度是O(n),因为需要从头遍历到最后一个元素,才知道添加的位置在哪里。 如果使用addFirst()和removeLast(),复杂度就反过来了。
如果底层链表的实现,不仅记录了头节点的位置,也记录了尾节点的位置,那么添加和删除都会变为O(1):
public class LinkedListTailQueue<E> implements Queue<E> {
private class Node {
private E e;
private Node next;
public Node(E e, Node next) {
this.e = e;
this.next = next;
}
public Node(E e) {
this(e, null);
}
public Node() {
this(null, null);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return e.toString();
}
}
//头节点
private Node head;
//尾节点
private Node tail;
private int size;
public LinkedListTailQueue() {
head = null;
tail = null;
size = 0;
}
@Override
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size==0;
}
@Override
public void enqueue(E e) {
if(tail == null){
tail = new Node(e);
head = tail;
}else {
tail.next = new Node(e);
tail = tail.next;
}
size++;
}
@Override
public E dequeue() {
if(isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot dequeue from an empty queue.");
}
Node removeNode = head;
head = head.next;
removeNode.next = null;
size--;
if(head == null){
tail = null;
}
return removeNode.e;
}
@Override
public E getFront() {
if(isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot get from an empty queue.");
}
return head.e;
}
}